laos capital
[125], Laos is rich in mineral resources and imports petroleum and gas. Biggest Cities In Laos Vientiane . Authorities in Laos have reported a significant Covid-19 outbreak near the notorious Kings Romans casino, whose Chinese owner is accused by the United States of trafficking people, wildlife and drugs. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . Foreign enterprises must report on their performance annually and submit annual financial statements to MPI. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. Lao Basics: An Introduction to the Lao Language. [68] Laos also maintained a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalised a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. Capital: Vientiane. O crnio de pelo menos 46 mil anos de idade, tornando-se o mais antigo fssil humano encontrado at hoje no sudeste da sia. Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. Visiting Vientiane, Laos, elicits such a diversity of opinions from travelers, it's often hard . When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. . [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. Choose our custom designed, flexible and unique Laos Tour Packages. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. [169][170] In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister (Lao: ), Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars. Laos is simply one of those places that will capture your heart for years to come. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. Overall, the country extends about 650 miles (1,050 km) from northwest to southeast. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. 15. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. However, historians claim the city was an ancient Khmer settlement that formed around a Hindu temple. In the late 19th century, Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. The capital of Laos is Vientiane, which was founded 13th century. The city has a tropical monsoon climate, every month . The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is a developing country ruled by a one-party, Communist government. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. There are some public holidays, festivities and ceremonies in Laos. Great day in Vientiane, the capital of Laos. [147] Ten percent belong to other "lowland" groups, which together with the Lao people make up the Lao Loum (lowland people). Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. Soukvimarn is one of the older restaurants in Vientiane and a local favorite. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. The city's central river port location in a country relying heavily on its rivers for transportation and its surrounding hinterland of intensive rice cultivation have made Vientiane the major economic centre of Laos. Laos Local Tour Company offers Laos tours, tailor made vacation packages travel services. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. The Lao subsequently established their own kingdom named the Lan Xang in 1354. It is stretched out on the north-eastern bank of a bend in the Mekong River. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. Today, it remains the unofficial tourist capital. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. From the river bank inland, the three main roads run parallel to the river, while the . From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. Laos(nume oficial: Republica Popular Democrat Laos) este un stat fr ieire la mare din Asia de Sud-Est, ce se nvecineaz cu Birmania (Myanmar) i China la nord-est, cu Vietnamul la est, cu Cambodgia la sud i cu Thailanda la vest. 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. Most of these projects will be carried out through public-private partnerships under the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model as the government is encouraging the private sector . [28], Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum,[29]:223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. Mapcarta, the open map. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant national monument in Laos: That Luang (Great Stupa), which is the symbol of Lao and an icon of Buddhism in Laos. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. CIA agent Bill Lair met with the young Hmong military . [124] Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. [123] Approximately 77% of Lao farm households are self-sufficient in rice. ", "Laos Deputy PM Douangchay Phichit dies in plane crash", "Laos plane crash kills defence minister and senior officials", "Lao Defense Chief Among Plane Crash Victims", "Hmong Leader's Vanishing In Laos Reverberates in U.S.", Reports on results of investigations of allegations concerning the welfare of Hmong refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand and Laos, "Refugee Admissions Program for East Asia", "History of the Hmong Resettlement Task Force", Report on the situation in the Xaysomboun Special Zone and 1100 Hmong-Lao refugees who escaped to Petchabun, Thailand during 20042005, Thailand: EU Presidency Declaration on the situation of Hmong refugees, "Hmong refugees facing removal from Thailand", Deportation of Hmong Lao refugees stopped in last minute, Hmong: UNHCR Protests Refugee Deportation, "Somsanga's Secrets | Arbitrary Detention, Physical Abuse, and Suicide inside a Lao Drug Detention Center", "In charts: How the Philippines fares in Southeast Asia", "Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review: Eighth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council", "Human Rights Watch Concerns on Laos Submitted in advance of the EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue October 2015", "Human Rights Abuses in Laos Must be Tackled Now", "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016", "Free former student leaders arbitrarily detained for 17 years", "Amnesty International Report 2016/17: Laos", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill Hmong Christians", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill four Hmong Christians: NGO", "Two teenagers rescued from forced prostitution in Laos", "Chinese marriage proposals become prostitution nightmares for some Lao girls", "Communism and Capitalism Are Mixing in Laos", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793965, "Preparing the Cumulative Impact Assessment for the Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project: Financed by the Japan Special Fund", "Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Laos", International Food Policy Research Institute, "UN expert: Lao PDR's economic strategy entrenches poverty", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Council On Tourism And Trade Delegation Visit To Laos-World Best Tourist Destination European Council On Tourism And Trade, "The Lao People's Democratic Republic's Vision for Ecotourism", "China's BRI and its High-Speed Railways to Nowhere", "Focales n 8. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. In their opposition of the repatriation plans, Democratic and Republican Members of Congress challenged the Clinton administration's position that the government of Laos was not systematically violating Hmong human rights. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. Laos is the only landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report By Sebastian Strangio A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China . [73] The officials were to participate in a ceremony to mark the liberation of the Plain of Jars from the former Royal Lao government forces. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. The Thai government attempted to repatriate these refugees, but the Wat Tham Krabok Hmong refused to leave and the Lao government refused to accept them, claiming they were involved in the illegal drug trade and were of non-Lao origin. By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. 500 BC - The Plain of Jars, one of the most important prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia, dates from between 500 BC and 500 AD. [101] On 25 September 2009, Laos ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, nine years after signing the treaty. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. The major roads connecting to urban centres, in particular Route 13, have been significantly upgraded in recent years. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. Five of them were arrested and subsequently sentenced to up to 10 years imprisonment on charges of treason. During World War II, the city was briefly captured by Japan, but quickly recaptured by the French. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. Laosul i are originile n Imperiul Lan Xang ce a existat ntre secolele XIV i XVIII.. Dup o perioad de apartenen la Imperiul Colonial . [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. The stupa is open from 8am-4pm daily (with a one hour break from 12-1) and costs 5,000 kip to enter the inside. A man who lost land and property to the Laos-China railway project near the capital said he has yet to receive any promised money. [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. "Patuxai is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, which was built between 1957 and 1968. The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid 16th century. SE Asia. [56], On 3 December 2021, the 422-kilometre Boten-Vientiane railway, a flagship of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was opened. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. This tourist attraction still holds more than 10 thousand Buddha statues, large and small. [59], In 1993 the Laos government set aside 21% of the nation's land area for habitat conservation preservation. [44] On 9 March 1945, a nationalist group declared Laos once more independent, with Luang Prabang as its capital, but on 7 April 1945 two battalions of Japanese troops occupied the city. [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. Bangkok - Hanoi - Laos by Air 9 nights from $1,615*. Area 236,800 sq km (91,400 sq miles) Major languages Lao, French. [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. Xinhua That Luang Festival celebrated in Vientiane, Laos Candlelight parade surrounding the That Luang Stupa in Lao capital Vientiane on the night of Nov. 11, 2019. . [126] In addition, the country's plentiful water resources and mountainous terrain enable it to produce and export large quantities of hydroelectric energy. "Muay" comes from the Sanskrit term meaning "to box" but is generally used to describe the unarmed martial art found throughout Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. Recognised asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. All things considered, it . The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. Lao PDR: How to Attract More Investment in Small-Scale Renewable Energy? Patuxay Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in morning at at Patuxai. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. [135] The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the "World Best Tourist Destination" designation for 2013 for architecture and history.[136]. Southeast Asia is a region in the southern part of Asia that is composed of 11 countries: Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand . [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. Em 2009, um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no norte do Laos. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. Vientiane (/ v i n t i n / vee-EN-tee-AHN, French: ; Lao: , Viangchan, pronounced [ tn]) is the capital and largest city of Laos.Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. [145], In the central and southern mountains, Mon-Khmer-speaking groups, known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Laotians, predominate. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. Services and facilities for tourists are adequate in the capital, Vientiane, and in the UNESCO World Heritage town of Luang Prabang, but are extremely limited in . Vientiane was a Khmer (remember Cambodia?) With an estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the city is also the most populous in the nation. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. 400 AD - Theravada Buddhism was introduced to Laos. The first Lao kingdom, called Lan Xang or "land of the million elephants," was founded by Fa Ngum in 1353. Residents of the capital Vientiane are barred from leaving the city and outsiders must get permission to enter. The national carrier is Lao Airlines. Vientiane Capital, the capital city of Lao PDR, is a small, relaxed city, located in the central of Laos. [181], Association football is the most popular sport in Laos. It is estimated that about 37% of educated Laotians live outside Laos. THE government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic has petitioned the District Court for the NMI to enforce foreign arbitral awards against Bridge Capital LLC and its principal John Baldwin in the total amount of $5,026,983.98. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. Laos will . The politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up 53.2% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. Vientiane, pronounced as "Viang-chan" in Lao, has been the Laotian capital city for 453 years. Karen J, "House Panel Hears Concerns About Hmong", States News Service, 26 April 1994. In 1899, Vientiane became the capital of the French protectorate of Laos, which ensured further development in the city. The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). There is limited external and internal telecommunication, but mobile phones have become widespread. For example, Article 8 makes it clear that Laos is a multinational state and is committed to equality between ethnic groups. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. Laos Capital City, Vientiane. 1 Vientiane the increasingly busy capital on the banks of the Mekong River; 2 Huay Xai in the north, on the Mekong and the border with Thailand; 3 Luang Namtha capital of the north, known for its trekking; 4 Luang Prabang a UNESCO World Heritage City known for its numerous temples, colonial era architecture, and vibrant night market; 5 Muang Xay also known as . [155] Government expenditure on health is about four percent of GDP,[155] about US$18 (PPP) in 2006. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. In fact, it feels more like a welcoming village, nestled in a bend of the Mekong River, Vientiane is dotted with temples and quirky, accessible attractions like the Buddha Park featuring surreal statues of the Buddha and the Monk Chat, a monthly opportunity to hang out with, you guessed it, monks. [citation needed], The Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions. The most popular place to visit in Laos, Luang Prabang is an historic city that once served as the capital of the Kingdom of Laos. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. A new province, Xaisomboun province , was established on 13 December 2013. When Fa Ngum was a baby, his grandfather, the reigning king, expelled Fa Ngum's father . 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