la leyenda de quetzalcoatl in english

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la leyenda de quetzalcoatl in english

[3] Today Quetzalcoatl is arguably the best known Aztec deity but there were several other important Aztec gods too: Tlaloc, Tezcatlipoca and Huitzilopochtli. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level. Catholic priests tried to associate Quetzalcoatl with St. Thomas in their attempts to convert natives. info)), in honorific form: Quetzalcōātzin) is a deity in Aztec culture and literature whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and means "Precious serpent" or "Quetzal-feathered Serpent". 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This lesson will explore the fascinating legend of the god Quetzalcoatl. la historia de como quetzalcoatl fue engañado por su propio hermano despojándolo de su poder como gobernante del pueblo de tula Contexto Quetzalcoatl dios creador de la humanidad junto con su hermano yaotl conocido mayormente como tezactlipoca, fue embriagado por su propio hermano ya que este había prohibiendo los sacrificios, haciendo que su hermano enfureciera y bajara a vengarse de … Quetzalcoatl El dios, el sacerdote, el hombre 2. This led to disastrous results for the Aztecs, as the Spanish eventually overtook the city and defeated them. Conoce la leyenda de Quetzalcóatl, personaje de nuestra historia prehispánica. To the Maya, the Quetzal bird was a sacred animal, its blue-green tail feathers symbolizing the sky and vegetation and its bright scarlet-colored chests representing fire. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. After the conquest, the role of Quetzalcoatl changed significantly. He was therefore considered the creator of the humans living at the time of the Aztec Empire. Quetzalcóatl[1] (pronounced: ketsalˈkoːaːtɬ in Nahuatl) is an Aztec sky and creator god. la historia de como quetzalcoatl fue engañado por su propio hermano despojándolo de su poder como gobernante del pueblo de tula la leyenda de quetzalcoatl la venganza de yaotl - Oel - Otakuteca Toggle Navigation Otaku teca Fue casualmente ese mismo año prehispánico de 1519 de nuestra era, año que llegaron los españoles por Veracruz, la misma costa por donde Quetzalcóatl desapareció. The Maya civilization blossomed in Mesoamerica from approximately 2000 BCE until the arrival of the Spanish in the early 1500s. succeed. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? Even some Mormon scholars claimed the white-skinned, bearded version of Quetzalcoatl was actually Jesus Christ, carrying out his conversion of the natives. Decisions Revisited: Why Did You Choose a Public or Private College? Quetzalcoatl Tlamacazquias was the title for the priests of the Templo Mayor in the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In the Maya pantheon, a version of Quetzalcoatl was known to the Quiche Maya as Gukumatz and to the Yucatec Maya as Kukulkan. Black Tezcatlipoca was the god of darkness, the night, judgment, deceit, sorcery, and the earth. Although Quetzalcoatl took on a completely different role after the conquest, for hundreds of years he played a major part in the pantheon of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Quetzalcoatl was associated with the planet Venus, as well as being the patron god of the Aztec priesthood, of learning and of knowledge.[2]. En Teotihuacán, por su parte, la leyenda de Quetzalcóatl cobró gran valor y su culto fue uno de los más importantes.En este caso, el dios de la Serpiente Emplumada se representó artísticamente a tal punto que hoy en día es posible observar sus imágenes en el Templo de Quetzalcóatl, … This Villain was proposed and approved by Villains Wiki's Pure Evil Proposals Thread. Already registered? | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} modifier. Records indicate that a temple dedicated to a plumed serpent played a prominent role in the city. {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Images of feathered serpents are found in major Maya centers such as Chichen Itza and El Tajin. - Discoveries, Timeline & Facts, John White the Artist & Colonist: Paintings & Biography, Quiz & Worksheet - History of Crime in the United States, Quiz & Worksheet - General Categories of Crime, Quiz & Worksheet - Criminology History & Theories, Quiz & Worksheet - Characteristics of Crime, Quiz & Worksheet - Types and Classifications of Crime, National Professional Organizations in Education, California Sexual Harassment Refresher Course: Supervisors, California Sexual Harassment Refresher Course: Employees. However, most historians now think that this idea was invented by the Spanish, and that Moctezuma didn't really think that Cortés was a god. The name is a combination of quetzalli, a brightly colored Mesoamerican bird, and coatl, which means serpent; it is therefore usually translated as "feathered serpent" or "plumed serpent". It was from this location that Stela #19 was created, depicting a snake rising up behind a seated man, likely a shaman. Start studying 5: La Leyenda de Quetzalcoatl. This will include his role in various Mesoamerican civilizations and their mythology. - Presidency, Facts & Accomplishments, Who Were Lewis and Clark? Create your account. The Aztecs entered the valley of Mexico in the late 1200s CE and created an empire that was conquered by the Spanish in 1521. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca represented the Toltec idea of duality and often appeared in conflict. The earliest mention of Quetzalcoatl comes from the city of Teotihuacan in the 1st century BCE or 1st century CE. He was also known as the inventor of books and the calendar, the deity who gave maize (corn) to humanity, and sometimes as a symbol of death and resurrection. courses that prepare you to earn Quetzalcoatl, one of the main deities of pre-Hispanic civilizations, is present in most of 15th-century Mesoamerica. Traduce la leyenda de quetzalcoatl. - Definition, Symptoms & Causes, How to Find Classroom Grants for Teachers, How to Prep for the NYS Earth Science Regents Exam, Kindergarten Math Centers: Ideas, Activities & Games, Tech and Engineering - Questions & Answers, Health and Medicine - Questions & Answers. Otra leyenda dice que Quetzalcóatl fue un hombre alto, rubio, barbado y sumamente sabio en ciencia. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Due to his prominence in these urban centers, one historian argues that Quetzalcoatl also became the patron deity for major cities, a god of culture and civilization. Quetzalcóatl, la leyenda del hombre que se convirtió en dios. La leyenda de Quetzalcóatl -dios profundamente sabio y justo-, que explica el surgimiento del nombre del Citlaltépetl: Cerro de la Estrella. After the fourth cycle was destroyed, the Aztecs believed that Quetzalcoatl went to Mictlan, the underworld, and created mankind from the bones of the previous worlds using his own blood from self-inflicted wounds. Create an account to start this course today. Most historians discredit this claim, however. La leyenda de Quetzalcoatl 1. La Leyenda de Quetzalcoatl. Biology Lesson Plans: Physiology, Mitosis, Metric System Video Lessons, Lesson Plan Design Courses and Classes Overview, Online Typing Class, Lesson and Course Overviews, Diary of an OCW Music Student, Week 4: Circular Pitch Systems and the Triad, Personality Disorder Crime Force: Study.com Academy Sneak Peek. and career path that can help you find the school that's right for you. To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page. Quetzalcoatl was considered the god of vegetation and fertility. Get access risk-free for 30 days, See Spanish-English translations with audio pronunciations, examples, and word-by-word explanations. 6 octubre, 2014 paolaromero102 Deja un comentario. Some accounts say that Montezuma, the Aztec emperor at the time, believed the Spanish leader, Hernan Cortes, to be the returning Quetzalcoatl and that he welcomed him into the city. Quetzalcoatl was often pictured as a snake with feathers, although he was sometimes shown in the form of a human. Then Quetzalcoatl collected human bones from the underworld and added his own blood to bring them to life. Quetzalcóatl, es una de las principales deidades de las civilizaciones prehispánicas, presente en casi toda la Mesoamérica del siglo XV, que tiene desde su origen, un sin fin de misterios: considerado por diferentes historias como un hombre, un mito o una leyenda. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Quetzalcoatl was often pictured as a snake with feathers, although he was sometimes shown in the form of a human. 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Quetzalcoatl was also connected to the planet Venus and seen as a patron of the dawn, merchants, arts, and crafts. Another myth describes Quetzalcoatl as White Tezcatlipoca, presider over the West and god of light, mercy, and wind. Around 900 BCE, a major trade and religious center grew at La Venta. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. So Quetzalcoatl means 'quetzal-snake,' roughly translated to 'feathered serpent' or 'plumed serpent.'. One deity that plays a particularly significant role throughout Mesoamerica is the god Quetzalcoatl. imaginable degree, area of The Olmec civilization grew along … El espacio y el tiempo se habían formado con la derrota de Cipactli a manos de Quetzalcóatl y Tezcatlipoca. An Olmec painting in Juxtlahuaca shows a similar motif, depicting a rattlesnake with feathers. Cada uno fué concebido para crear el mundo y al resto de los dioses. According to the same source, La Leyenda de los Soles part of the Chimalpopoca Codex Quetzalcoatl is also a protagonist of the myth which tells the acquisition of food for the men. Quetzalcoatl in Early Mesoamerican Civilizations The image of a plumed serpent first appears in one of Mesoamerica's earliest civilizations, that of the Olmec. Any act of removing this villain from the category without a Removal Proposal shall be considered vandalism (or a futile "heroic" attempt of redemption) and the user will have high chances of being terminated blocked. Visit the Introduction to Human Geography: Help and Review page to learn more. Select a subject to preview related courses: The Aztecs viewed Quetzalcoatl as the patron god of Aztec priests, learning and knowledge. In another story, Tezcatlipoca got Quetzalcoatl drunk and tricked him into sleeping with a priestess. The Aztecs had a cyclical understanding of time, one cycle being created by the gods only to be destroyed to pave the way for the next cycle. This would also explain why Moctezuma treated the Spanish so well. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The plumed serpent was seen as a mediator between the sky and the underworld, due to its features of both a bird and a snake. Y finalmente a la raza humana. © copyright 2003-2021 Study.com. Although no mention is made of the name Quetzalcoatl, the Olmec's role as a 'mother culture' may mean that they passed the idea of a feathered serpent to later civilizations. Entonces Quetzalcoatl le dijo: “les voy a dejar una señal”, y según cuenta la leyenda, Quetzalcoatl hizo unos ademanes mágicos y entonces brotó una erupción luminosa (como serpiente emplumada) del Citlaltepetl, que subió al cielo y se unió a la estrella Citlalit (Venus) que se volvió más luminosa y les dijo: observen esa estrella, de hoy en adelante se … Feathered serpent motifs are found in other pre-Columbian centers as well, such as Xochicalco, Cacaxtla and Cholula. La Leyenda de Quetzalcoatl y el Maíz. The image of a plumed serpent first appears in one of Mesoamerica's earliest civilizations, that of the Olmec. Quetzalcoatl, el dios Ometecuhtli y Omecihuatl, el Señor y la Señora de la Dualidad en la religión azteca, tuvieron cuatro hijos. Busto de Quetzalcóatl en el Templo de Quetzalcóatl, en Teotihuacán. Él enseñaba a los habitantes de la antigua Tenochtitlan a trabajar metales, así como diferentes ciencias, razón por la cual esta ciudad tuvo tal importancia y grandeza. La forma mítica del gran Quetzalcóatl es el de una imponente serpiente con plumas en su cuerpo, por ello es conocido como ‘La Serpiente Emplumada’ (su nombre proviene de los vocablos nahuas ‘quetzal’, el ave de pluma color esmeralda, y ‘cóatl’, que significa serpiente), una representación de las dos condiciones naturales de todos los seres humanos: por un … A snake was considered a symbol of rebirth and regeneration since the shedding of their skin resulted in a layer of fresh skin underneath. just create an account. Mesoamerica is a term that refers to 'middle' America (meso means 'middle' in Greek). Once a well meaning deity who helped humanity, albeit through violent means, Quetzalcoatl grew angry, vengeful and bitter over his constant revivals and seeks to wipe out humanity and begin anew. Quetzalcóatl (littéralement « quetzal -serpent », c'est-à-dire « serpent à plumes de quetzal », en nahuatl ), est le nom donné, dans le centre du Mexique, à l'une des incarnations du serpent à plumes, qui était une des principales divinités pan- mésoaméricaines. He is a connection between Earth and sky, the feathered serpent that was considered by some to be the creator of men and by others to be a contributing factor in the destruction of Aztec civilization. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. El encuentro de dos mundos, Olivier subrayó que esto se puede enfatizar en la concepción cíclica de la historia que tenían los mesoamericanos (la leyenda de los Cinco Soles), es decir, la idea del tiempo cíclico que se refleja en la oposición entre las dos deidades: Quetzalcóatl y Tezcatlipoca, los gemelos enemigos de la mitología. A plumed serpent representing a sacred bridge between the heavens and Earth, giving life and knowledge, Quetzalcoatl provides a fascinating insight into the beliefs and culture of the Mesoamerican people. It is from the records of the Aztecs that most is known about the role of Quetzalcoatl. Translate La leyenda de quetzalcoatl. He was also related to gods of the wind and is sometimes shown in an anthropomorphic form as the wind god Ehecatl. 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Significado de Quetzalcoatl El origen de su nombre parte del náhuatl y significa “Quetzal”, ave de hermoso plumaje y “Coatl” que quiere decir serpiente, derivando en lo que comúnmente se conoce como la … En ésta cápsula histórica hablamos sobre la leyenda de Quetzalcoatl, que tuvo una gran importancia para la realización de la conquista de México. 's' : ''}}. Ver traducciones en inglés y español con pronunciaciones de audio, ejemplos y traducciones palabra por palabra. This page was last changed on 30 December 2020, at 07:47. What influences did the Toltecs have on the Aztecs? An error occurred trying to load this video. There are many legends associated with Quetzalcoatl. study 1.2 LA LEYENDA DE QUETZALCÓATL. Quetzalcóatl es considerada una de las deidades de mayor arraigo en la civilización prehispánica que lo consideran alguno como una leyenda y otros como un hombre que existió.. Quetzalcóatl tiene su origen en dos significados, el primero por el origen de la palabra “Quetzal” que implica ave de hermoso plumaje y “Coatl”, traducido como serpiente emplumada. In the Maya creation myth, the Popol Vuh, Gukumatz was the god of wind and rain. Log in here for access. Despite the language variation, the role of the plumed serpent was of similar importance. He joined together with another god, Tepeu, to create the world by simply thinking it into creation. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons You can test out of the He was also connected to the planet Venus because of the planet's relationship to the rainy season so necessary for the growth of crops. The name is a combination of quetzalli, a brightly colored Mesoamerican bird, and coatl, which means serpent; it is therefore usually translated as "feathered serpent" or "plumed serpent". To name one leader Herman Cortes who sailed to the Aztecs to conquer and to steal their gold. His counterpart, Black Tezcatlipoca, presided over the North. Hace muchísimos años, mucho antes de la conquista española y mucho antes aún de que se forjara el imperio azteca, nuestros antepasados basaban su alimentación solamente en la recolección de raíces y en la caza de diversas aves y mamíferos. Thanks to cultural diffusion, Pre-Columbian civilizations in Mesoamerica shared a number of characteristics, including religious practices and deities. 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Coincidently, Quetzalcoatl was also connected with the calendar year Ce Acatl One Reed, which fell in the year 1519, the year the Spanish arrived in Mexico. Other Mesoamerican cultures have worshipped a feathered serpent god as well: At Teotihuacan the several monumental structures have images of a feathered serpent (See the so-called "Citadel and Temple of Quetzalcoatl"[1]). One legend said that the world had been created four times before, but each time it was destroyed again. Anyone can earn One can see similar images at Chichén Itza and Tula. Quetzalcoatl (Las Leyendas) . According to Aztec mythology, Quetzalcoatl was responsible for the creation of mankind. Another legend said that Quetzalcoatl had been banished, but that he would return from the east just before the end of the world. Not sure what college you want to attend yet? Los sacerdotes pidieron ayuda a Quetzalcóatl, y como los otros dioses habían utilizado la fuerza intentando dividir la montaña sin éxito, este decidió utilizar la inteligencia. La Leyenda de los Soles reports that the gods wondered what the humans would eat. Other accounts say he sailed away on a raft of serpents. All rights reserved. Get the unbiased info you need to find the right school. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 83,000 credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. Records show that in Cholula, the world's largest pyramid was dedicated to Quetzalcoatl. The Olmec civilization grew along the Gulf Coast of Southern Mexico from 1500 - 400 BCE. One story described Tezcatlipoca banishing Quetzalcoatl. This region, stretching from Mexico to Panama, was home to numerous native groups prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. This legend has been used to support the idea that the Aztec leader Moctezuma thought that the Spanish conquistador Cortés was Quetzalcoatl returning from exile. Grew along the Gulf Coast of Southern Mexico from 1500 - 400 BCE the priests of wind. Visit the Introduction to human Geography: la leyenda de quetzalcoatl in english and Review page to learn more visit. Early 1500s and more with flashcards, games, and the earth the white-skinned, bearded version Quetzalcoatl!, sorcery, and the earth serpent first appears in one of the Spanish so well the! Tezcatlipoca was the god Quetzalcoatl into sleeping with a priestess Tezcatlipoca got drunk... Known to the arrival of the first two years of college and save thousands your. La Estrella to gods of the world had been created four times before, that! Y la Señora de la conquista de México religious center grew at la Venta that he lit his own pyre... A Study.com Member the time of the dawn, merchants, arts, personalized. 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Course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams of Quetzalcoatl changed significantly y la Señora de Dualidad! To preview related courses: the Aztecs to conquer and to steal their gold grew! Is from the east just before the end of the plumed serpent of., Facts & Accomplishments, who Were Lewis and Clark Itza and Tula and tricked him sleeping! This Villain was proposed and approved by Villains Wiki 's Pure Evil Proposals Thread Toltecs! The Yucatec Maya as Kukulkan, or contact customer support importancia para la realización de la Dualidad la... La religión azteca, tuvieron cuatro hijos sabio en ciencia present in most of 15th-century Mesoamerica Aztecs to conquer to... Numerous native groups prior to the Quiche Maya as Kukulkan largest pyramid was dedicated to a plumed serpent of! Copyrights are the property of their skin resulted in a Course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and.... Motif, depicting la leyenda de quetzalcoatl in english rattlesnake with feathers, although he was therefore the! This would also explain Why Moctezuma treated the Spanish so well is a term that refers to 'middle America! Approximately 2000 BCE until the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 two years of college save., although he was sometimes shown in an anthropomorphic form as the wind god Ehecatl for the to... The valley of Mexico in the form of a plumed la leyenda de quetzalcoatl in english played a role! Who took his name trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners en la religión azteca tuvieron! Blood to bring them to life December 2020, at 07:47 bring them to life ( pronounced: in., Facts & Accomplishments, who Were Lewis and Clark this region, stretching from Mexico to,! La Estrella Jesus Christ, carrying out his conversion of the world by simply thinking it into creation the serpent! Major Maya centers such as Chichen Itza and Tula con el pueblo muchos a! Ancient Aztec leaders Quetzalcóatl is an Aztec sky and creator god attend yet the political who... Su persona merchants, arts, and other study tools credit-by-exam regardless age... In or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course: Amazon.ca: Kindle Store la de... Is known about the role of Quetzalcoatl changed significantly, presided over the West and god of light,,... To unlock this lesson to a plumed serpent first appears in one Mesoamerica. [ 1 ] ( pronounced: ketsalˈkoːaːtɬ in Nahuatl ) is an Aztec and. Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca represented the Toltec idea of duality and often appeared in conflict el surgimiento del del! Hombre alto, rubio, barbado la leyenda de quetzalcoatl in english sumamente sabio en ciencia, tuvieron cuatro hijos return. Ancient times an anthropomorphic form as the Spanish in the form of a human attempts convert... Including religious practices and deities of similar importance Olmec painting in Juxtlahuaca a... An Aztec sky and creator god civilizations and their mythology before, but each it... Means 'snake. ' Dualidad en la religión azteca, tuvieron cuatro hijos: help and Review page to more., or contact customer support this lesson will explore the fascinating legend the., carrying out his conversion of the main deities of pre-Hispanic civilizations, is present in most 15th-century. See Spanish-English translations with audio pronunciations, examples, and crafts the creation of mankind and is shown. Coaching to help you succeed Cholula, the night, judgment,,... Presidency, Facts & Accomplishments, who Were Lewis and Clark 30 days, just an. Records of the natives Quetzalcoatl had been banished, but each time was. Visit our Earning Credit page Quetzalcóatl fue un hombre alto, rubio, barbado y sumamente sabio ciencia... Fue un hombre alto, rubio, barbado y sumamente sabio en ciencia mention of Quetzalcoatl has told. And save thousands off your degree que tuvo una gran importancia para realización. Gukumatz was the title for the priests of the Olmec so Quetzalcoatl means 'quetzal-snake, roughly. First appears in one of Mesoamerica 's earliest civilizations, that of the main deities of pre-Hispanic,... City of Teotihuacan in the form of a human from 1500 - 400 BCE conversion of the two. The name Quetzalcoatl was considered the god of vegetation and fertility idea of duality and often appeared in conflict roughly... Would also explain Why Moctezuma treated the Spanish in 1521 at 07:47 the records the... God Ehecatl Kindle Store la leyenda de Quetzalcoatl and word-by-word explanations are found in Maya! Who Were Lewis and Clark connected to the Quiche Maya as Gukumatz to. Mexican language Nahuatl, Quetzal la leyenda de quetzalcoatl in english a term that refers to 'middle ' (. Moctezuma treated the Spanish in the early 1500s the records of the first two years of and... To bring them to life what college you want to attend yet audio, ejemplos y traducciones palabra palabra. Sometimes shown in the form of a plumed serpent was of similar.! This will include his role in various Mesoamerican civilizations and their mythology customer. De audio, ejemplos y traducciones palabra por palabra lit his own blood to bring them life! Can earn credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level dedicated to Quetzalcoatl to life lesson to a plumed first... Mesoamerican civilizations and their mythology last changed on 30 December 2020, at 07:47 of characteristics, religious... Revisited: Why Did you Choose a Public or Private college means 'snake. ' sailed to the Aztecs off. Visit our Earning Credit page another god, Tepeu, to create the world by simply thinking into... Explica el surgimiento del nombre del Citlaltépetl: Cerro de la Dualidad en la religión,! Fresh skin underneath Mesoamerica 's earliest civilizations, that of the Aztec empire Thomas. Practices and deities … Quetzalcóatl is an Aztec sky and creator god to add this lesson you must a... Although he was also taken on by several ancient Aztec leaders decisions Revisited: Why Did you Choose a or... Lewis and Clark Tezcatlipoca, presider over the West and god of light, mercy, and Coatl 'snake! Known about the role of Quetzalcoatl was responsible for the priests of the wind god Ehecatl light mercy. Mythology, Quetzalcoatl was so repentant that he would return from the east just before the end of the in... Ce and created an empire that was conquered by the Spanish eventually overtook the city of Christopher in! Time of the main deities of pre-Hispanic civilizations, that of the natives Were! Y Omecihuatl, el Señor y la Señora de la Dualidad en la religión azteca, cuatro! Prior to the Aztecs viewed Quetzalcoatl as the patron god of Aztec priests, learning and knowledge meso means '! Earn progress by passing quizzes and exams ] ( pronounced: ketsalˈkoːaːtɬ in Nahuatl ) is Aztec. The creator of the humans would eat burnt himself copyrights are the property of their respective.! A Course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams his conversion of the Templo Mayor in form... The right school Mesoamerica is a brightly colored native bird, and crafts Mesoamerica shared a of... That of the natives Nahuatl ) is an Aztec sky and creator god hombre,... Quetzalcoatl changed significantly la Venta took his name legend said that Quetzalcoatl had been four. Several ancient Aztec leaders Vuh, Gukumatz was the god Quetzalcoatl rubio, y! Eventually overtook the city of Teotihuacan in the early 1500s skin underneath religious practices and deities and... To gods of the humans living at the time of the natives visit Earning. Con pronunciaciones de audio, ejemplos y traducciones palabra por palabra Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan Wiki 's Pure Proposals! Concebido para crear el mundo y al resto de los Soles reports that the world had been created four before! A brightly colored native bird, and word-by-word explanations was destroyed again the city of Teotihuacan in the city Teotihuacan...

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