signs of deliberate suffocation in babies

signs of deliberate suffocation in babies

Inaccurate classification of infant deaths in Australia: A persistent and pervasive problem. JM, Byard Byard TO. It can cause asphyxia in several ways. In order to prevent SIDS, do the following things: Always put your baby to sleep on their backnever on their stomach or side. changes from their usual eating and sleeping schedule. WA, Telfer Although sexual assault is widespread and represents a major public health concern in the UK, given the wide range of mental and physical health problems associated with it, it remains largely underreported (Macdowall Reference Kilpatrick, Veronen, Best and Figley 2013).The Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW; Office for National Statistics 2020) noted . S. Evolution and infant sleep: An experimental study of infant-parent co-sleeping and its implications for SIDS. The quality of autopsy investigations should also be considered, as autopsies may be quite limited in their scope due to differences in local practices. The Biggest Suffocation Hazards to Pets. RW. Choking, suffocation, and strangulation cause serious unintentional injuries in children and are leading causes of unintentional death in infants and toddlers. HF. All features at the scene should be recorded photographically and on video. J Clin Pathol. In a way, pathology represents the weak link in the SIDS chain, as there have never been consistent and reproducible diagnostic tissue markers (1, 2). WA, Beal 1995;15:649-54. The narrow gap may make the babys head get stuck, causing a lack of air. L, et al. The main signs of suffocation in a baby are respiratory problems, leading to essential changes in the body. Suffocation From Choking Something. HF, Nadeau RW, Krous Hazardous infant and early childhood sleeping environments and death scene examination. London: Arnold, 2001. You can let your child sleep in his or her crib or cot in your room. While dysmorphic lesions, such as talipes, polydactyly and pectus excavatum, and hemangiomas and nevi were once reported in SIDS infants (8, 74), these are usually absent. 1994;308:537-8. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), according to a definition on the Mayo Clinic website, is the "unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old." The distribution of petechiae is not affected by sleeping position (67), although reduced numbers are found in the dorsal portions of the cervical lobes of the thymus so-called Beckwiths sign (8, 83). Forbes J, Vink 1997;29:60-3. P, Moore I, Wright It is because findings items during the bathing time will lose your concentration and attention. T, Banner It can also happen if a child has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). PD, Blackbourne An inquest is examining the sudden deaths of . Graphic: Pinterest logo, links to https://www.pinterest.com/NICHD_NIH/. JJ, Mosko This may not always be obvious when accrued data are being analyzed. Chapter 24. Byard PJ. Convulsions. Hum Immunol. A, Wachholder HF, Nadeau HF. Here Are Baby Suffocation Signs to Watch Out For: Mechanical suffocation, or the blockage of airway by smothering by bed clothes or plastic bags, accounts for 80% of injury-related infant deaths in the U.S. alone.. An infant who is suffocating might show difficulty of breathing and bluish discoloration; petechiae (or red spots) can appear on the face and eyes as well. However, merely providing protocols is not enough, as they must be adhered to. B. 1. He recounts how his wife left the room to get their baby a bottle. Sudden infant death syndrome and unclassified sudden infant deaths: A definitional and diagnostic approach. J, Byard J. Overlaying, accidental suffocation, and sudden infant death. I. In: Sudden infant death syndrome. Rambaud [. BA, Bain P, Fitzgerald Pay undivided attention to your toddlers when you take them near and around water. Deaths from ASSB are less common in babies older than 6 months. Ensure the gas appliances are well vented and hooded. Testifying in the trial of a woman charged with killing her five young children, the chief forensic pathologist of the New York State Police said today that all five had been deliberately suffocated and were not, as was originally believed, victims of crib death.The case of Mrs. Hoyt, a 48-year-old housewife raised in this rural county, has drawn national attention because the deaths of her . Download theAsianparent Community on iOS or Android now! Pediatr Dev Pathol. or chip bags (69%) Cereal bags (6%) Pet Food bags (6%) Pet Treat bags (5%) Other common suffocation hazards included bread bags, cheese bags, and hard plastic and cardboard containers. 2003;6:112-27. While more information may make evaluations more complex, it does help in delineating particular subsets of infant deaths and it also enables subsequent meaningful peer review. An analysis of trends in the incidence of sudden infant death in The Netherlands 1969-89. Keep all plastic bags, including garbage bags and sandwich-style plastic bags, out of the reach of young kids. Whats even more worrying is that this can happen to any parent. In fact, simply knowing the major difference between SIDS and accidental suffocation is a particularly helpful piece of information to have. RE, Glass AM, Summers J, Byard 5. CD, Henry Or is it just a diagnostic dustbin? Children under four years old and unborn babies are at a high risk of this severe condition because they have a weak, . A, Acland RW, Krous Intra-alveolar haemorrhage in sudden infant death syndrome: A cause for concern? J Clin Forensic Med. RH. There are no facts, only interpretations. 3-Month-Old Dies On A Changing Table. CF, OBrien FR, Moon 1991;27:329-33. TO. This may explain why certain infants have suffocated under a maternal breast while breastfeeding (28, 44, 53). Most sleep-related suffocation deaths among babies less than one year old happen because infants' airways got blocked by things like pillows, blankets, couch cushions or adult mattresses, a U.S . Even a bucket of water or the basil at the low water level can still steal your childs life, especially if your kids are under three years old. The Centers for Disease Control have published a comprehensive death scene checklist known as the Sudden Unexplained Infant Death Investigation (SUIDI) reporting forms (www.cdc.gov/SIDS) (see Table 24.1). RW. In: Encyclopedia of forensic and legal medicine. Lay the bedspread securely over the crib; so it isnt loose to squeeze the babys head or neck. External examination is important to exclude trauma and signs of suffocation. MM, Hense Do you have stairs in the home? In a way, pathology represents the weak link in the SIDS chain, as there have never been consistent and reproducible diagnostic tissue markers (1, 2). M, Kravath SIDS. This unfortunately does not always occur, with, for example, almost 10% of US pathologists still not ordering formal skeletal surveys, and 30% favoring babygrams over formal skeletal surveys (65). Children under four years old and unborn babies are at a high risk of this severe condition because they have a weak immune system. J Leuko Biol. During sleep, there is a chance of people putting their arm over, or abdomen. 1996;1:45-50. Choose cordless window shades to prevent strangulation. A question that is frequently asked is: how often could a definitive alternative diagnosis be made following a properly performed autopsy? Dissolve batteries properly after using. Basically, SIDS is what experts call a "diagnosis of exclusion.". 1997;86:1011-12. P, Borthne Overheating and fevers in babies are around 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or above. The fingers may be flexed holding fibers from bedding, and blanching and folding of the skin of the neck should not be mistaken for a ligature mark (2). (From http://www.cdc.gov/SIDS.). BK. It is too fast for you to stop. M, et al. A similar finding was made in South Australia in the early 1990s, with co-sleeping deaths increasing from 7.5% (1983-90) to 32.3% (1991-93) (49). Laskey Finally, it must be recognized that the pathological findings in SIDS infants are by its very nature nonspecific and it is vital that not too much emphasis is placed on incidental findings such as low-grade chronic inflammation, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and hemosiderin deposition. What is hypoglycemia in a newborn baby? Any queries can be left in the comment box below, and we will answer them as soon as possible. F, Jorgensen Specific dangers associated with infants sleeping on sofas. The worse thing is that severe condition of poisoning can lead to permanent injury or even death. Difficulty and/ or noisy breathing, which may ultimately lead to cessation. As there are no pathognomonic markers at autopsy in SIDS deaths, there is a danger that the diagnosis will be used inappropriately for natural deaths, accidents, and homicides John Emerys diagnostic dustbin (5, 6). May they find strength and comfort during the difficult days ahead. 1992;2:266-71. The role of post-mortem computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) virtopsy in sudden infant and early childhood deaths is yet to be established. Brit Med J. LS, Catz Byard Mitchell , tissues and organs. Childhood emotional neglect is a failure of parents or caregivers to respond to a child's emotional needs. Heatstroke can cause confusion, coma or shock. The signs. 1988;533:37-47. 2007;3:177-81. RW. RW, Carmichael 1997;17:275-82. Although it has been suggested that these small minor inflammatory aggregates are markers of significant lethal infections (89, 90), there is no evidence for this (91). Is sudden infant death syndrome a diagnosis? HF. This requires very careful interpretation of the autopsy findings to determine whether tissue changes are causative or coincidental, or whether they are merely epiphenomena. Always keep the button cell batteries out of reach the children because it not only makes your child choke but also threatens the babys life in less than 2 hours due to the dangerous substances in these batteries. So, that allows the CO to build up the childs body, replace oxygen in their blood, and damage the. However, even when children are at home, there are unexpected risks of drowning related to water access: bathtubs, spas and hot tubs, and even standing water at home. RW. However, minimal differences in the history have been noted between SIDS infants and infants who have died unexpectedly from an established diagnosis (56). Beckwith 2002;178:1517-21. It is recommended preparing all the things you needed and placing these things in where you can easily reach for using. The International Standardized Autopsy Protocol for cases of unexpected infant death represents the first attempt to provide an international protocol aimed at standardizing autopsy practices and diagnoses. 1997;2:161-5. Make sure your toilet seats have child-proof locks to prevent injury! An example of a checklist for cases of unexplained infant death. PJ, Gilbert 2012;196:10-11. RW, Krous This may manifest as wheezing, clutching at the throat, agitation or loss of consciousness. Sections from the thymus and lungs show areas of interstitial hemorrhage corresponding to the macroscopically noted petechiae. KJ, Poets Possible mechanisms responsible for the sudden infant death syndrome. In: Sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatr Pathol. 1992;27(Pt 1):133-64. This injury can be caused by many things that are lurking around your home. 2005;91:318-23. However, the declines have slowed since the . Forensic Sci Med Pathol. London: Edward Arnold, 1989. p. 48-61. Source: USA Today,American SIDS Institute,National Safety Council, ALSO READ:Mum warns others after her baby suffers brain damage from a fall. Byard RW. Arch Pediatr Adol Med. We hope that you love our writing on common causes of suffocation and prevention. Byard Emery Clin Perinatol. | Image source: Pexels. 2. 2000;21:319-22. L. Can thymic petechiae be used to separate SIDS infants from controls? Vennemann Int J Leg Med. M. A pathologists perspective on the sudden infant death syndrome 1991. HF. Knight Graphic: Twitter logo, links to https://twitter.com/NICHD_NIH. If you love your child, do not hesitate to take a peek here. 1988;8:171-8. Things that threaten our kids life when we are not there. Scand J Forensic Sci. 3rd ed. It may be food, liquid, or some other material. Eds Byard 2015;11:273-4. Hanzlick Therefore, to prevent this one of the common causes of suffocation in babies and ensure the safety of children, do these things: Choking or suffocation can lead to death in infants and young children. Cytokine responses and sudden infant death syndrome: Genetic, developmental and environmental risk factors. Scene examination may be crucial in identifying broken or poorly constructed cribs. These pauses in breathing affect sleep quality and can lead to daytime sleepiness and behavior issues in children. Asphyxiation is caused by lack of oxygen. ST, Gleeson Pediatr Pathol. Do not let your child sleep alone in the car. It is important to review the immediate ante-mortem history for evidence of potentially significant disease such as a fever indicating possible fatal infection. MA, Ashworth Fact: Not all abusive parents or guardians intentionally harm their children. The prevention of overlaying. The aim of the protocol was to standardize autopsy practices and improve diagnostic accuracy, provide additional information to supplement information obtained from the clinical history review and death scene examination, enhance opportunities to further reduce infant death rates, enable more meaningful comparisons of infant death rates between populations, and improve the quality of research into unexpected infant death. 2005;78:1242-54. A full external examination of all body surfaces including the anogenital region, nose, and ears should be undertaken as soon as possible after death. AJ, Beal KL, Applegate Mechanical Suffocation is the No. Despite recommendations for decades that autopsies are a mandatory part of the work-up of SIDS cases, they have not always been performed in cases that have still been classified as SIDS. When this happens, make sure to clear the babys airway. F. Increased incidence of lymphoreticular aggregates in lungs of children found unexpectedly dead. In OSA, a person tries to breathe but is unable to because of a constricted or blocked airway. M, James Parkins Byard In CSA, there is typically a lack of . Bass The crucial role of infant mortality committees in monitoring these deaths cannot be underestimated. Assessment of pulmonary and intrathymic hemosiderin deposition in sudden infant death syndrome. Med Sci Law. Reports say the mum of two left her baby girl unattended atop a diaper changing table. BMJ Open. TO. Make sure the connection is stable. hanging (by another, deliberate self-harm, or autoerotic asphyxia). Willinger A normal temperature in babies is around 97.5 degrees Fahrenheit (36.4 degrees Celsius). JA, Roeder N, Carter Is co-sleeping in infancy a desirable or dangerous practice? Most ASSB deaths occur between birth and 4 months of age. That is more common in infants than older children because their instinctive reflex is not developed well. T, Blair Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The leading cause of injury death for children aged 1 to 4 is _____, a form of suffocation., The use of _____ involves the deliberate spread of pathogenic organisms into a community to cause widespread illness, fear, and panic., Analgesics, antihistamines, and _____ are the drugs most often implicated in poisoning deaths in young . Am J Forensic Med Pathol. Most parents think drowning occurs only in swimming pools, lakes, rivers or the sea. Williams Heatstroke is a life-threatening emergency. Byard Byard Sudden infant death in Copenhagen 1956-71. An international perspective [letter]. 1994;80:198-9. RW. Share your room with baby. Eds Byard Vol. Furthermore, do not forget to clean the fireplace if needed. High blood pressure (hypertension) Cyanosis of the face. Path Ann. 2nd ed. 2007;14:475-81. Sudden infant death syndrome. Learn MoreOk, Got it, Copyright theAsianparent 2023. Bartholomew RW, Beal Given that the macro- and microscopic features of SIDS have been well illustrated in standard texts (1, 2, 8), and given the sensitivity of such images, this chapter will instead focus on protocols and controversies in the interpretation of autopsy findings rather than on morphology. EA, Stewart 8 Best Home Remedies For White Hair At An Early Age. PS, Sidebotham Becroft DM, Vennemann RW, Krous Byard J Forensic Sci. But they may not know that avoiding bedding in their infant's crib is also essential in the prevention of suffocation and SIDS. As specified in current definitions (20, 22), a thorough review of the medical history of the deceased infant is required before the autopsy is commenced, checking for any evidence of potentially lethal medical conditions such as congenital heart disease. The coroners autopsy. Minor inflammatory lesions and sudden infant death: Cause, coincidence or epiphenomena? Byard Sudden infant death syndrome: Overview and update. RW. [. Following these above tips and techniques on our article can help reduce the risks. Problems, progress and possibilities. Pulmonary siderophages and unexpected infant death. 1 The current definition of SIDS, developed in 1991, is . Suffocation and smothering are two ways of preventing the intake of air into the lungs via the mouth. J Forensic Sci. Byard Another component to this equation is infant vulnerability. J. London: The Stationary Office, 2000. p. 97-112. Potter et al found significantly more intra-alveolar haemorrhage in babies dying from deliberate or accidental suffocation than in SIDS but also found that there was more haemorrhage in the younger SIDS deaths and in co-sleeping deaths.4 Yukawa et alquantified intra-alveolar pulmonary haemorrhage in sudden infant death by digital image analysis . JMN, et al. Bed sharing and sudden infant death syndrome. EA, Tappin Do not let your child go around anyone who smokes, Turn off all equipment like heater, gas stove or oven after using. TOYS and blankets placed in a Sydney baby's cot by her drug-addicted mother may have tragically led to her death, a doctor has told a NSW coroner. AOS is a neurological disorder that affects the brain pathways involved in . CC, Weir Examples of this include the reported changes in the heart in SIDS infants which were subsequently considered to be part of normal growth and development of an immature organ, and the ubiquitous finding of minor inflammatory infiltrates in various organs that are often more common in controls and do not, therefore, indicate significant lethal occult infection (8, 9). Swim with your child and get out with her or him even if lifeguards are nearby. [citation needed] Many wet nurses were accused of this, [citation needed] and in many counties the wet nurse would have . Autopsy findings Sudden infant death syndrome Epidemiology and etiology. DJ, White N, Rutty M, Bachs Krous They need to know when it is dangerous to get out of the house and find help. D. Can infant death from child abuse be prevented? 1998;316:887-91. Am J Roentgen. K. The Reduce the Risks campaign, SIDS International, the Global Strategy Task Force and the European Society for the Study and Prevention of Infant Death. Recommendations that combine . Leg Med. New trends in the nineties. 2002;23:360-3. Things that are always here, but we may not notice. Myth: Only bad people abuse their children. Make sure to install a childproof gate. LL. Here Are Baby Suffocation Signs to Watch Out For: Mechanical suffocation, or the blockage of airway by smothering by bed clothes or plastic bags, accounts for 80% of injury-related infant deaths in the U.S. alone.. An infant who is suffocating might show difficulty of breathing and bluish discolouration; petechiae (or red spots) can appear on the face and eyes as well. The incidence of such severe hemorrhage is about 5% in very low birth weight infants and 10.2% in extremely low birth weight infants. *For information on crib safety, contact the CPSC at 1-800-638-2772 or http://www.cpsc.gov. IV. Byard Rognum Schluckebier The space may be physically or virtually close. 1994;14:817-22. J Clin Pathol. A microbiological perspective. Medical aspects and psychological management. A recent study has confirmed that petechiae on the face are rare in SIDS and if found raise the question of deliberate or accidental suffocation. Arch Dis Child. Infants who die of SIDS generally do not have external abnormalities; that is, they appear normally formed and well nourished. In post-mortem investigations, evidence of suffocation is not found in most babies who die of SIDS.SIDS may be associated with the brain's ability to control breathing and arousal from sleep, low birth weight or respiratory infection. JL. It is often extremely useful to take parents/carers through the scene using a doll substitute to demonstrate how and where the infant was put to sleep and found. S, Gilbert-Barness It can quickly lead to loss of consciousness, brain injury, or death. C, Fleming Practicing safe bedtime habits goes hand in hand with . RW, Burnell AE, Al Madani Why you should never leave your baby unattended on a changing table. Regularly check your furnace, chimney or wood stoves. There is certainly evidence that sleeping near parents/carers will reduce the risk of SIDS, most likely due to increased arousals (37-41). Both of these methods have been used throughout the ages as a means of committing murder and in some cases the process was applied because many thought that it could not be detected by the authorities. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. Be careful when feeding your child foods that are likely to cause choking, such as meat, candy, nuts or fruits. Suffocation From Nasal Blockage. Sudden infant death syndrome A diagnosis in search of a disease. Findings in child deaths registered as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Madison, Wisconsin. Autopsy rates in infants have ranged from 0 to 100% globally (14). This can happen without anyone knowing. Med J Aust. An individual level analysis of five major case-control studies. Heres more precautions you can take to prevent accidents around the home. Pathology. 1995;2:121-8. Oxford: Academic Press, 2016. p. 368-82. London: Arnold, 2001. p. 58-65. KA, Byard About 79% of all drowning cases happen in children under the age of four during non-swim times. Information should be obtained regarding the pregnancy, delivery, type of feeding, and immunization status. Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among children and young adults aged 10 to 24. SIDS is more common than infanticide. PS, Little I, Meissner Byard Fitzgerald Perspect Pediatric Pathol. Byard The worse thing is that severe condition of poisoning can lead to permanent injury or even death. Be careful with electrical wires and any lines on the floor because it could squeeze the babys neck and cause the danger. DA, Cool I have no ounce in my body that blames my wife at all, says the babys dad Don Taylor, adding how the horrible accident could happen to any parent. M, Fleming Byard Authorities asserted that what makes this a criminal offence is the fact that the mum left the baby unattended for a long time. When To Worry About Pregnancy Cramps And Pains During The First Trimester? The possibility that cytokines associated with these foci of inflammation are involved in the fatal episode is purely hypothetical (92-96). Learn more http://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov. DL, Hulewicz AT, Raza In Australia, in the not-too-distant past, infant and toddler autopsies were either not being done, or were being undertaken by physicians without pathology training. CW, Drucker However, even when children are at home, there are unexpected risks of drowning related to water access: bathtubs, spas and hot tubs, and even standing water at home. 1993;25(Suppl):7. RW, Krous If you want to use a towel to cover the babys face when taking him or her out, choose the breathable and thick one to avoid breathing problems. Among infants who weighed < 2500 g with the same 5-minute Apgar scores, the incidence of cerebral palsy was 6.7% and 0.8%, respectively. is one of the causes of suffocation in babies. Berry R. Death scene investigation. DMO. Bajanowski RW. Lancet. London: Arnold, 2001. p. 182-208. Children who have been victims of nonaccidental trauma or deliberate suffocation can also be found to have blood in the . Is Your Baby Wash Safe for Your Precious Little One? 2012;48:517-19. RW. 1989;28:121-3. Brit Med J. Common symptoms of aspiration in babies and children include: Weak sucking. Many have been victims of abuse themselves and don't know . You can put these things into a box with lids for storage. Ann NY Acad Sci. JE, Pennington London: Arnold, 2001. p. 310-18. Fatal injuries in the first year of life numbered 980 in 2020, according to Injury Facts . In: Sudden infant death syndrome. One mums terrifying experience raises awareness about baby suffocation signs and the dangers of leaving your baby unsupervised even on a diaper changing table. Our hearts go out to the family of this little one. RW, Krous Follow safe sleep recommendations until baby's first birthday to reduce the risk of SIDS and other sleep-related causes of infant death. Tracheobronchitis and sudden infant death syndrome. 2007;165:129-43. Byard In: Sudden infant death syndrome. Hemosiderin may also be deposited in the lungs following episodes of aspiration of blood, or as a result of medical conditions with chronic pulmonary congestion such as congestive cardiac failure or mitral valve stenosis. So its important to know that any surface of the home can be a threat. We hope that you love our writing on common causes of suffocation and prevention. Med Sci Law. 2009;54:189-91. Keep baby close to your bed, on a separate surface designed for infants. Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI): Suggested classification and applications to facilitate research activity. J Paediatr Child Health. BD. In Chapter 1 the various definitions of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were discussed, with the one common theme being the lack of diagnostic features. NJ. 2003;157:292. This has varied over the years, with reduced numbers of sudden deaths in infancy from organic diseases now, most likely due to better antenatal screening, postnatal testing, and therapeutic interventions. 15, - 20 Among suffocation deaths, there was a higher proportion of younger infants. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the brain and the body. In: Sudden infant death syndrome. Summers Keep small things out of childrens hands. Mount your television set so that it is out of your kids reach. International Standardized Autopsy Protocol. signs; [1,2] however, in a small number of cases, marks on . J Paediatrics Child Health. Do not let children wear silver or gold jewellery that is too tight or too loose around their neck. 2004;114:234-8. T, et al. SIDS is up to 12.9 times more likely to occur in babies who sleep on their stomachs compared to babies who sleep on . Aust J Soc Issues. The major reasons for this are to check for any unexplained injuries or lesions that may raise suspicions of accidental or inflicted injury, such as bruises (66), and also to compare patterns of lividity with the reported position of the body. Is Bath Time Too Stressful? C, Berry Co-sleeping increases the risk of SIDS, but sleeping in the parents bedroom lowers it. Entrapment involves individuals trapped in air-tight enclosures [e.g. overdosing on medicine and requiring medical attention. Lancet. It has been clearly demonstrated that some infants are very susceptible to the effects of upper airway occlusion (51, 52). Sudden death in the young. Always keep an eye on gas appliances, especially when you have a child. Is breast feeding in bed always a safe practice? In: Sudden infant death syndrome. . CC, Weir Although death scene examinations are a requirement of all of the major current definitions of SIDS (21, 22), this has not been met with universal acceptance (23), as was noted in Chapter 1. All mums and dads should know baby suffocation signs to keep their little ones safe! As both asphyxia and SIDS may have identical autopsy findings (26), cases of wedging or overlaying may only be identified after the death scene has been examined and a doll has been used to reconstruct the infants position (8, 27, 28). Back to Accidental Suffocation and Strangulation infographic. JMN. OM, Hall Suffocation may leave no external signs and no clear postmortem evidence. S. Mother-infant cosleeping: Toward a new scientific beginning. Babies and young children who are always curious about anything often put something around into their mouth.

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