what happened to herbert kappler first wife
As part of the latter operation, Kappler successfully extorted 50 kilograms of gold (110 lbs.) Kappler's main activities during this period involved suppressing resistance groups, rounding up "enemies of the state", and enforcing anti-Jewish measures, conducting Jewish ghetto raids, and deportations to extermination camps. Kappler's second in command in Rome, SS-Captain Erich Priebke, managed to escape to Argentina and was not extradited to Italy to face trial over his own role in the Ardeatine Caves Massacre until 1996. He served as the Vaticans diplomat to Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Czechoslovakia. [citation needed] In 1938, during the Anschluss, he supervised the mass deportations of Austrias Jews to concentration camps. The only people he did not ask for help were his superiors who were anxious to avoid antagonizing the Nazis. Streamline your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system. As the authorities refused to release him, in 1977, Anneliese carried Kappler out of prison in a large suitcase (he weighed less than one hundred five pounds at the time). Because of Kapplers deteriorating condition and his wifes nursing skills, Anneliese Kappler had been allowed almost unlimited access to him during his time in the Italian hospital. This set the stage for further advancement and Kappler was commissioned a Gestapo officer, with the rank of SS-Untersturmfhrer (second lieutenant), on November 9, 1938 (the traditional anniversary of the Munich Beer Hall Putsch). Hugh O'Flaherty was born to James and Margaret O'Flaherty in Lisrobin, Kiskeam, County Cork, Ireland, on February 28, 1898. He later married Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with him, before marrying him at a prison ceremony in 1972. The radio play was first broadcast on November 30, 2006 on UK BBC Radio 4. SOLTAU, West Germany, Feb. 10 (UPI) The family of Herbert Kappler, a former Nazi SS colonel, withheld plans for his funeral today to prevent pro- and antiNazi demonstrators from appearing at the rites. An SS officer, he had been an adviser to Italy's fascist police. 9 (Reuters)Herbert Kappler; a_convicted Nazi war criminal, died of stomach cancer here today, six months after- a daring escape from a Rome military hospital. In January 1936, he was promoted to the rank of SS-Scharfhrer (sergeant) and assigned to duty at the Gestapo main office of Stuttgart (Stapoleitstelle Stuttgart). Kappler was arrested by British authorities in 1945, turned over to the Italian government in 1947, and tried the following year by an Italian military tribunal. He would never join his diocese. Herbert married Irmgard Kappler (born Erckmann). During those same years, Kurtna covertly spied for the Soviet Union, with devastating results for the many underground priests and faithful whose names he passed to the NKVD. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities. Kunigunde was born on August 21 1882. Kappler was born on September 23, 1907, to a middle-class family in the city of Stuttgart in what was then the German Empire. See the article in its original context from. Thank you for using this website. His appointment to Italy was the result of his security police experience, connections with the SS leadership (Reinhard Heydrich, in particular), as well as a fluency in the Italian language. [citation needed] In 1938, during the Anschluss, he supervised the mass deportations of Austrian Jews as part of the Holocaust in Austria.[3]. According to evidence at the 1948 tribunal, Colonel Kappler's troops drove the prisoners to the ancient Ardeatine Caves south of Rome and massacred them with machine guns, hand grenades and flame throwers. Herbert Kappler of the German Army carried out a massacre of Italian civilians at the Ardeatine Caves near Rome on March 24, 1944. At the same time, he became a stormtrooper in the Sturmabteilung (SA) and served as an SA-Mann from August 1, 1931 to December 1, 1932. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. She defended these donations on the grounds that she had spent her entire savings to try and secure her husbands release and to care for him while he was a prisoner. By the time the Allies captured Rome in June 1944, OFlahertys underground network had kept 6,245 Allied escapees alive. In 1947, Kappler was tried by an Italian military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the military prison of Gaeta. Hugh OFlaherty was born on February 28, 1898, in County Cork, Ireland. Family of Kappler, ExSS Colonel, Withholds plans for His Funeral, https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/11/archives/family-of-kappler-exss-colonel-withholds-plans-for-his-funeral.html. Impressed with his abilities, he was appointed to the Holy See; the Vaticans governing body. [14][15], In 1948, Kappler was tried by an Italian Army military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Gaeta military prison. He was head of German police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre.[1][2]. The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. The family has nothing to say concerning burial plans, a friend of the family remarked. Herbert had 2 siblings: Gertrude Krener (born Kappler) and one other sibling. Hugh became a scratch golfer meaning he was quite good. Anyone can read what you share. This page was last changed on 26 July 2021, at 19:26. Fortunately, they did not storm the Vatican because of its unique status. See the article in its original context from. As Nazi police chief in Rome, he ordered the executions in 1944 after a midtown bombing attack by partisans killed 32 SS men. Other One month ago 0 answers 1 views. With a portion of Italy under German occupation, those POWs were at risk of being recaptured. By 1929, he was a certified electrician, still living in Stuttgart. 2023 jewish telegraphic agency all rights reserved. During his childhood, Kappler witnessed World War I, and came of age in the Weimar Republic during the 1920s. Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library, 1998 - 2023 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. [20], Kappler's post-war time seeking asylum in the Vatican, and his resultant friendship with his former enemy Monsignor O'Flaherty, was dramatised in the radio play The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican by Robin Glendinning. He was a man of many faces who used his talent at disguise to help thousands of people escape from the Nazis. He was intelligent earning a scholarship to a teacher training college. Grow your brand authentically by sharing brand content with the internets creators. Kappler performed active training duty over three separate periods from June 1935 to September 1936, with final release on September 27, 1936 with the rank of Feldwebel der Reserve. Collect, curate and comment on your files. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He said the Jews had committed no crime other than being Jews, but were about to be deported to Germany.. The fivejudge tribunal convicted him of repeated and premeditated murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment, the maximum under Italian law, specifying that he be placed in solitary confinement for four years. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence, but he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler before marrying him in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. On a prison visit in August 1977, Kapplers wife carried him out in a large suitcase, Kappler, a chain smoker, weighed less than 105 pounds at the time and escaped to West Germany, assisted by apparently unwitting carabinieri. A particularly detested adversary of Kappler's was Irish Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty of the Sacred Congregation De Propaganda Fide. The West German authorities refused to return Kappler because of his poor health and he died at home 6 months later. Soon after his arrival here, West German authorities stationed guards near the Kappler apartment, which is above pharmacy, explaining ,that they wanted to prevent any group from killing him or taking him back to Italy. [19], Kappler was portrayed by Christopher Plummer in the 1983 TV film The Scarlet and The Black, which detailed Kappler's first meeting with Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty. Kapplers second in command in Rome, SS-Captain. He next attended a technical college and spent seven semesters studying electrical engineering. He was only obeying orders.. We have no ads to show you! The radio play was first broadcast on 30 November 2006 on UK BBC Radio 4. and later turned over to the Italian government in 1947. The man in charge of the Nazis was Herbert Kappler; head of the SS and Gestapo in Rome. If he discovered prisoners who were deemed missing-in-action, he attempted to notify their families. Kappler joined the Nazi Party on August 1, 1931 and the SS in 1933. The date of the Ardeatine massacre, March 24, 1944, became a national day of mourning in Italy, and the killings are still recalled with outrage. The Monsignor decided to help. Towards the end of 1934, on September 29, he married Leonore Janns who was the same age as Kappler (27 at the time) and came from the city of Heilbronn. Contents By early 1944, Kappler was the highest representative of the Reich Security Main Office in Rome and answered directly to both the military governorship, under Luftwaffe General Kurt Maelzer, as well as the SS chain of command under the Higher SS and Police Leader of Italy, SS-Obergruppenfhrer Karl Wolff. Kappler came into direct conflict with the neutral Vatican under Pope Pius XII, which Kappler correctly believed was harbouring escaped Allied POWs, members of the Italian Resistance, and Jews. Since the marriage had remained childless, the couple adopted a boy from a Lebensborn home. Six months after his escape, Kappler died at home in Soltau, on February 9, 1978, aged 70. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence, but he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler before marrying him in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. . SS Obersturmfhrer, The head of German police and security services in Rome. During this time one of his only regular visitors was none other that The Monsignor himself who visited him every month for 10 years as well as writing to him regularly and subsequently baptizedhim to the Catholic faith. Kappler's second in command in Rome, SS-Captain Erich Priebke, did manage to escape and it was not until 1996 that Priebke . In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo central office of Stuttgart. The Irish War of Independence broke out in 1919, making life difficult. Upon the outbreak of World War II, in September 1939, Kappler was serving as an SS-Hauptsturmfhrer (captain) out of the Stuttgart Gestapo main office. Herbert Kappler. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. The Getty Images design is a trademark of Getty Images. OFlaherty did not just hide POWs. [1][4][5][6][7], Kappler was immediately put in charge of implementing the Holocaust in Italy in both Rome and Lazio;[4] in his first action, 1,023 Roman Jews were rounded up and deported to Auschwitz; where only 16 survived. Although most were Allied soldiers, some were Jews. He underwent six months of indoctrination training, and was sworn into the SS on May 8, 1933. Herbert Kappler joined the Nazi Party on August 1, 1931 at the age of twenty three. Despite this O'Flaherty assisted in helping members of Kapplers family in escaping from Rome at Liberation. As they already had so many enemies, the last thing they wanted was to alienate the worlds entire Catholic population by violating the Popes domain. He escaped from prison shortly before his death in West Germany in 1978. Asked by the TV interviewer whether approval had perhaps not come from the wrong (political) side, she said she was not interested where approval came from. By submitting the above I agree to the privacy policy and terms of use of JTA.org, Search JTA's historical archive dating back to 1923. Kurtna was last seen in 1948 by Fr. The Italians demanded that Kappler be returned, but the West Germany authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly owing to ill-health. What happened to Herbert Kapplers first wife? Reply ( 0) Leave a comment. SOLTAU, West Germany, Feb. 9 (Reuters)Herbert Kappler; a_convicted Nazi war criminal, died of stomach cancer here today, six months after- a daring escape from a Rome military hospital. In 1922 OFlaherty was sent to Rome to finish his studies where he was ordained three years later. You got lucky! OFlaherty was told he would be shot if he crossed the line not that it stopped him. Walter Ciszek as a fellow political prisoner in the Gulag complex located 300km above the Arctic Circle and known as Norillag. Giuseppe worked as a salesclerk at an interior decoration store in Rome. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. "First a great fear, then a great calm, an enormous lucidity. It was later performed live under the name Kingfishers Catch Fire.[21]. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence, but he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler before marrying him in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. Organize, control, distribute and measure all of your digital content. Both Capponi and Bentivegna had grown up under Benito Mussolini's dictatorship. Despite this O'Flaherty assisted in helping members of Kapplers family in escaping from Rome at Liberation. Comment * what is insensible water loss. Question ( 102766) Answer ( 32) Member ( 11) In 1934, O'Flaherty received the title of Monsignor. Herbert Kappler joined the Nazi Party on 1 August 1931 at the age of twenty three. Instead, in 1918 he enrolled at Mungret College; a Jesuit school which trained missionaries. Without hesitation, O'Flaherty took up Kappler's invitation and in prison the two men chatted over coffee. Kappler was responsible for many cruel deeds in Rome as well as the massacre at The Ardeatine Caves, which were personally supervised by Kappler. ROME, ITALY 1996: Annalise Kappler, wife of Herbert Kappler, lieutenant Colonel SS German and Paolo Giachini, lawyer former SS, arrives to testify in favor of SS officer Erich Priebke during the trial at Military Court of former SS officer Erich Priebke for participating in the 1944 massacre at the Ardeatine caves in Rome in which 335 civilians, including 75 Jews, were killed during World War II. Kappler and his first wife divorced while he was serving his sentence. A particular adversary of Kappler's in this respect was Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty, whose activities helping Jewish fugitives and Allied prisoners escape Rome led to Kappler having him targeted for assassination. Following the armistice between Italy and the Allied Forces on September 8, 1943, the German military occupied Rome and Kappler was ordered to serve as Chief of the Security Police and Security Service (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) for all SS and police units deployed in Rome. He was promoted to SS-Obersturmbannfhrer (lieutenant colonel) on September 12 and quickly assumed his new duties operating out of the Italian capital. iie. . This function has been disabled for WW2 Gravestone. Arrest and Later Life. In 1931, Herbert Kappler formally became a Nazi Party member. One of the most notorious actions Kappler undertook while in Rome was the organization of the Ardeatine massacre where over three hundred Italian civilians were killed on 24-03-1944 in collective punishment for an attack by resistance fighters against an SS formation in Rome. He served as head of German police and security services ( Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre. World War II Instead, he stayed to work for the Holy See, serving as a Vatican diplomat in Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Czechoslovakia. Hugh O'Flaherty, who also often visited him in prison, and with whom Kappler often discussed literature and religion. [2], Due to Kappler's deteriorating condition and his wife's nursing skills, Anneliese Kappler had been allowed almost unlimited access to him. I recommend you watch his trial here. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. Germany was furious at the betrayal and retaliated by invading Italy. Because of Kappler's deteriorating condition and his wife's nursing skills, Anneliese Kappler had been allowed almost unlimited access to him during his time in the Italian hospital. The Italians unsuccessfully demanded that Kappler be returned, but the West Germany authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly due to his ill health. In 1937, Kappler graduated from the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolizei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin as a Kriminalkommissar (criminal commissioner). Herbert Kappler became Hitler's man in Rome after the arrest of Benito Mussolini. Because of Kapplers deteriorating condition and his wifes nursing skills, Anneliese Kappler had been allowed almost unlimited access to him after he was transferred to an Italian hospital. A particular adversary of Kapplers in this respect was Monsignor Hugh OFlaherty, whose activities helping Jewish fugitives and Allied prisoners escape from Rome led to Kappler marking him for assassination. Herbert Kappler was born on month day 1906, to Fritz Kappler and Kunigunde Kappler (born Siebentritt). To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. She was their only child. In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo main office in Stuttgart. [18], In the 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome, which deals with the Ardeatine massacre, Kappler was portrayed by actor Richard Burton. Mrs. Kappler said she had received messages of support from people all over the world. It was also because the Republic of Ireland was neutral during the war. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. This website makes use of cookies to ensure that the website works properly. Kappler organized the Ardeatine massacre, in which 335 Italian civilians were killed on March 24, 1944, as a reprisal for an attack by resistance fighters that had resulted in the deaths of 33 men of the SS Police garrison in Rome. Since he was at this time considered only a general SS member, not assigned to permanent full-time duties, Kappler was not exempt from the draft and he became a Schtze in the Wehrmacht on June 11, 1935. He was described as a model prisoner, interested in music, theology, reading and meditation. Despite the Fascist dictatorship, the war, and racial legislation, the family . It was a large and prestigious establishment, owned by an uncle. The colonel testified at his trial that he had had to fire the first shot himself because the officer chosen to do so had become ill at the scene. As the Allied armies invaded Italy and began moving north towards Rome, Kappler became significantly involved in hunting suspected Allied agents and Allied prisoners-of-war which had escaped Italian POW camps after the Italian Army capitulated. 2023 Getty Images. Kappler was next entrusted with Jewish roundups for transportation to Auschwitz; in his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported with only 16 surviving, and Kappler would later arrange the deportation of a further 993 Roman Jews, nearly all of whom would eventually perish in Nazi gas chambers. His wife, who had helped get him back to West Germany, declared at the time that she wanted him to be able to die in his own house. Herbert Kappler passed away in 1978 after Anneliese broke him out of prison when he was . In 1934, OFlaherty was appointedMonsignor; a title for high-ranking clergy members who have provided valuable service to the church. There was a great sense of letting go." . After the war Kappler lived in house 318 on Via Salaria in Rome with his first wife Leonore Wilhelmine Minna, ne Janns (born 05-02-1907 in Heilbronn), whom he married on 29-09-1934. During his captivity, Kappler wrote to his former rival and asked him to come and visit. She lowered him out a fourthfloor window with a mountainclimbing harness, hid him in a box and drove to West Germay. During his teenage years Hugh was a talented student and golfer . In his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported, of whom only 16 survived. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "An Italian doctor explains "Syndrome K", the fake disease he invented to save Jews from the Nazis", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Kappler&oldid=7681127, German military personnel of World War II, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Shortly after his birth O'Flaherty's parents moved to Killarney, Ireland, and made a home on a golf course where James O'Flaherty worked as a steward. The Monsignor's activities covertly assisting Jews and other fugitives led both Kappler and his Italian colleague Pietro Koch to repeatedly plot O'Flaherty's kidnapping, torture, and summary execution in vain. Anneliese Kappler, wife of the former Rome Gestapo chief, Herbert Kappler and organizer of his controversial escape from a Rome military prison to West Germany, denied last night that any. [11][12], Kappler organised the Ardeatine massacre, in which 335 Italian civilians were killed on 24 March 1944 in response to a direct order from Adolf Hitler to "kill 100 Italians for each German", in retaliation for an attack by the Italian Resistance that had resulted in the deaths of 33 men of the SS Police Regiment Bozen's garrison in Rome. Annalise Kappler, wife of Herbert Kappler, lieutenant Colonel SS German and Paolo Giachini, lawyer former SS, arrives to testify in favor of SS. [17], Six months after his escape, Kappler died at home in Soltau, on 9 February 1978, aged 70. Kappler and his first wife divorced while he was serving his sentence. On a prison visit in August 1977, Kappler's wife carried him out in a large suitcase (Kappler weighed less than 105 pounds at the time) and escaped to West Germany, assisted by apparently unwitting carabinieri. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities, but earned him a transfer to a hospital. In these measures, Kappler came into direct conflict with the Vatican, which was highly suspected of harboring Allied fugitives and escaped prisoners, even though the Vatican under Pope Pius XII was technically neutral. They included the wife of the Irish ambassador, several priests, nuns, members of the French resistance, as well as other high-ranking nobles. In 1937, Kappler (now an SS-Oberscharfhrer (staff sergeant)) was sent by his Gestapo superiors to attend the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolzei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin from which he graduated in the summer of 1937 as a certified Kriminalkommissar (Criminal Commissioner). Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. ROME, ITALY 1996: Annalise Kappler, wife of Herbert Kappler, lieutenant Colonel SS German and Paolo Giachini, lawyer former SS, arrives to testify in favor of SS officer Erich Priebke during the trial at Military Court of former SS officer Erich Priebke for participating in the 1944 massacre at the Ardeatine caves in Rome in which 335 civilians, including 75 Jews, were killed during World War II. Kappler had established a ruthless regime and the two men became adversaries in a real-life game of hide and seek, a fiercely fought rivalry that would culminate in failed attempts by the Nazis. Kappler was also portrayed by Christopher Plummer in the 1983 TV movie The Scarlet and The Black, which detailed Kappler's first meeting with Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty. Retrieved from Wikimedia . Kappler's second in command in Rome, SS-Captain Erich Priebke, did manage to escape and it was not until 1996 that Priebke would face justice. Hunted by them, he ended up converting the SS chief in Rome. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. From 1939 to 1940, he was briefly deployed to Poland and participated in various Einsatzgruppen actions before serving a further tour as a uniformed Gestapo officer in occupied Belgium where he acted to suppress resistance. During this action, he demanded 110 pounds of gold from the Jewish community in Rome, which he later claimed was an attempt to prevent the round-up and the deportations. 1944, OFlahertys underground what happened to herbert kappler first wife had kept 6,245 Allied escapees alive, interested in music theology! A teacher training college ; Flaherty assisted in helping members of Kapplers family in from... Life difficult born Siebentritt ) years hugh was a certified electrician, still living in.... In 1922 OFlaherty was sent to Rome to finish his studies where he was ordained three years.. Allies captured Rome in June 1944, OFlahertys underground network had kept 6,245 escapees. Of twenty three is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers whom only survived! Great sense of letting go. & quot ; s man in Rome after the arrest of Benito Mussolini was because.. [ 21 ] of people escape from the Nazis what happened to herbert kappler first wife by his... In West Germany in 1978 after Anneliese broke him out a fourthfloor with! Your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system, a friend of the SS in.. To Fritz Kappler and Kunigunde Kappler ( born Siebentritt ) he discovered prisoners who were deemed missing-in-action, ended! Rome, he ordered the executions in 1944 after a midtown bombing attack by partisans killed 32 SS men student! Anneliese broke him out a fourthfloor window with a mountainclimbing harness, hid him in a and! Disguise to help thousands of people escape from the article title was ordained three years.. Most were Allied soldiers, some were Jews people all over the World the. Spent seven semesters studying electrical engineering interested in music, theology, reading and meditation civilians at the Gestapo office..., during the Nazi era Wikipedia the language links are at the Gestapo main office Stuttgart. Were Jews archived versions 1929, he was appointed to the Holy See ; the Vaticans diplomat Egypt! 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Police and security services in Rome after the arrest of Benito Mussolini authentically by sharing brand content with internets... The West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities on 1 August 1931 the! Was described as a fellow political prisoner in the military prison of Gaeta the... Use of cookies to ensure that the website works properly Kappler formally became a scratch golfer meaning was. # x27 ; s dictatorship in County Cork, Ireland concentration camps college... Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems ; We continuing... At the Gestapo central office of Stuttgart # x27 ; s fascist police the. Officer, he supervised the mass deportations of Austrias Jews to concentration.! His wife and the West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities,... Enrolled at Mungret college ; a title for high-ranking clergy members who provided... 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