flag of constantinople

flag of constantinople

— Double-headed Eagle in gold in an Imperial red background, at the right holds a cross and at the left a book, the cross symbolize the balance of powers and the christian element, the book symbolize the knowledge and wisdom and have the letters alpha and omega ΑΩ which it means from the beginning to the end of time and eternity, alpha and omega it is the first and last letter of the work αγαπώ meaning love and common good. [10] In the last centuries of the Empire it is recorded as being sewn on imperial garments, and shown in illuminated manuscripts as decorating the cushions (suppedia) on which the emperors stood. In addition, the Stratēgikon prescribes a separate standard for the baggage train (touldon) of each moira. Each moira and meros also had their own flag, as well as the army's commanding general (stratēgos). report. The main field of the flag is a shade known as Tyrian purple (actually closer to magenta in colour) which was worn Roman Emperors. [3] Despite the abundance of pre-heraldic symbols in Byzantine society from the 10th century, only through contact with the Crusaders in the 12th century (when heraldry was becoming systematized in Western Europe[4]), [61] On the other hand, the adaptation of Byzantine forms to Western uses can be seen with the seal of Andreas Palaiologos, which includes the imperial double-headed eagle on an escutcheon, a practice never used in Byzantium. ©2017-2021 Byzantine Roman Empire 324-1453 up to 2021. level 1. The flags and symbols in occasions have accepted modernization and evolution.A fine example of modernity and evolution it is how the Byzantine Eagle evolve on from Charalampos of Thessaloniki and even gave a meaning to our times. [34] Modern scholars commonly consider the double-headed eagle to have been adopted by the Grand Komnenos emperors of Trebizond after their recognition of the suzerainty of, and intermarriage with, the Palaiologos dynasty in the 1280s. — Photograph of the emblem found above the front entrance of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. After taking Constantinople, returning Alexius IV to the throne, the revolt against and murder of Alexius IV left the Crusaders without payment. The attacking Ottoman army, which significantly outnumbered Constantinople's defenders, was commanded by the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II (later called "the Conqueror"), while the Byzantine army was led by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos.After conquering the city, Mehmed II made Constantinople the new Ottoman capital, replacing Adrianople.. [59] In AD 330, Constantine the Great used this symbol while re-dedicating Constantinople to the Virgin Mary. (see image above). Flag of Constantinople. Mehmed surrounded Constantinople from land and sea while employing cannon to maintain a constant barrage of the city’s formidable walls. During the Byzantine Roman Empire 324-1453 there is a variety of imperial, state and navy flags, symbols and emblems in use always with the common elements of the cross and the double-headed eagle.The cross was the official flag of the Byzantine state. — Emblem of the Palaiologos Dynasty (1400s) — Έμβλημα της δυναστείας των Παλαιολόγων — The double headed eagle with the sympilema (dynastic cypher) of the Palaiologoi in the center. pic.twitter.com/4yK8z2FZ7e, Modern Byzantine FlagCharalampos of Thessaloniki Flag, Articles It was protected by massive walls that surrounded it on both land and seafront. Apparently, just as in the metropolitan Byzantine state, the use of both motifs, single and double-headed, continued side by side. Roman Empire There was a myth telling a story about a giant eagle (more likely with two heads) that was retributive of injustice. Another flag of the Byzantine Empire is a combination of the St. George cross (which is a red cross on a white field) and the arms of the Palaiologos family (yellow crosses on a red field). Few of them seem to have survived beyond the 4th century, however. [42], The tetragrammatic cross appears with great frequency in the 14th and 15th centuries: it appears on Byzantine coins during the joint rule of Andronikos II Palaiologos and his son Michael IX Palaiologos, on several Western portolans to designate Constantinople and other Byzantine cities, above one of the windows of the Palace of the Porphyrogenitus, and is described by pseudo-Kodinos as "the customary imperial banner" (basilikon phlamoulon). — Byzantine Standard — Double-headed Eagle— Photograph of the emblem found above the front entrance of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Byzantine Empire Flag of Constantinople T-Shirt 5.0 out of 5 stars 1 rating. However, it never achieved the breadth of adoption, or the systematization, of its Western analogues. Far more common, both in seals and in decorations, was the use of cyphers or monograms (sing. It was founded (AD 330) at ancient Byzantium (settled in the 7th cent. The symbol was also adopted by other Byzantine states, like the Gattilusi who ruled Lesbos after 1355, or the Latin lords of Rhodes Vignolo dei Vignoli and Foulques de Villaret. Indeed, Western portolans of the 14th–15th centuries use the double-headed eagle (silver/golden on red/vermilion) as the symbol of Trebizond rather than Constantinople. συμπίλημα, sympilēma), with the letters of the owner's personal or family name arranged around a cross. [80][81] Further insignia of this type included the eutychia or ptychia (εὐτυχία or πτυχία), which probably bore some representation of Victory. [83][85], Pseudo-Kodinos also enumerates various banners and insignia used in imperial processions: one named archistratēgos (ἀρχιστράτηγος, "chief general"); another with images of renowned prelates and eight streamers known as oktapodion (ὀκταπόδιον, "octopus"); another in the form of a cross with the images of St. Demetrius, St. Procopius, St. Theodore Tiro and St. Theodore Stratelates; another depicting St. George on horseback; another in the shape of a dragon (δρακόνειον, drakoneion); and another with the emperor on horseback. At any rate, the use of the dragon as an image is attested well into the 14th century. The city of Constantinople (modern Istanbul) was founded by Roman emperor Constantine I in 324 CE and it acted as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire as it has later become known, for well over 1,000 years. In addition, the use of pieces of the True Cross is often mentioned in military parades. 1350)[55], Byzantine flag as shown on some portolan charts[56], Bronze denaro of Domenico Gattilusio, lord of Lesbos in 1455–1458, with a large "D" on the obverse, and the tetragrammatic cross on the reverse, Arms of William IX Palaiologos, Marquess of Montferrat in 1494–1518, Arms of the House of Gonzaga as Dukes of Mantua after 1575. After establishing himself as the Despot, Constantine worked to strengthen the defence of the Morea, including reconstructing a wall across the Isthmus of Corinth called the "Hexamilion" (Six-… quartered "X"s for Σταυρὲ Χριστοῦ χάριν χριστιανούς χάριζε Staurè Christou chárin christianoús chárize ("Cross of Christ bestow grace on the Christians") or the letters ϹΒΡΔ for Σταυρὲ σου βοήθει Ρωμανόν δεσπότην Staurè sou boíthei Romanón despótin ("Thy Cross aid the Lord Romanos"). [75] In the 10th century, the cross became a more prominent symbol, and was often used as a finial instead of a spear point. In addition, the "considerable length of the streamers" shown in the mansucript does not appear in similar sources from areas under direct Byzantine control, but reflects iconography common in southern Italy, where the manuscript was illuminated. Inspired designs on t-shirts, posters, stickers, home decor, and more by independent artists and designers from around the world. The history of Byzantine Empire starts with the foundation of Constantinople in many sources. — Byzantine Imperial Flag, standard, Official Flag of the Empire. [82][83], A further group, collectively known as skeuē (σκεύη), is mentioned in the De Ceremoniis, mostly old military standards handed down through the ages. — Flag of the "Empire of Constantinople" as described at Conoscimiento de todos los reynos (14th Century). The eagle holds a romfea at the right and a sphere (world) at the left, symbolizing the secular and spiritual character of the Empire, while the heads of the eagle look at right and left symbolizing the Imperial dominion from East to West. Constantine XI Dragases Palaiologos or Dragaš Palaeologus (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος, Kōnstantinos Dragasēs Palaiologos; 8 February 1405 – 29 May 1453) was the last Byzantine emperor, reigning from 1449 until his death in battle at the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. A number of them, the so-called "Roman sceptres" (ῥωμαϊκὰ σκῆπτρα, rhōmaïka skēptra) resembled to old vexilla, featuring a hanging cloth (βῆλον, vēlon, from Latin velum). [38], The double-headed eagle with the Palaiologos family monogram (ΠΑΛΓ), from Demetrios Palaiologos' personal bible. The two traditional readings of the four "B"s, Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων βασιλεύων βασιλεύουσιν and Βασιλεὺς βασιλέων βασιλευόντων βασιλεύει (both meaning "King of Kings ruling over the kings/rulers"). Huge siege cannon used in the final assault. It was placed on the walls of Galata, apparently as a sign of the Byzantine emperor's—largely theoretical—suzerainty over the Genoese colony. [29][30] The double-headed eagle was used in the breakaway Empire of Trebizond as well, being attested imperial clothes but also on flags.    Video Library Sort by. [7] Thus "eagle-bearers" (ὀρνιθόβορας), descendants of the aquilifers of the Roman legions, are still attested in the 6th century military manual known as the Strategikon of Maurice, although it is unknown whether the standards they carried bore any resemblance to the legionary aquilae. [73][74] In the Byzantine navy, likewise, each ship had its own standard. As with their land counterparts, they were also used to convey signals. — The double-headed eagle with the Palaiologos family monogram (ΠΑΛΓ), from Demetrios Palaiologos personal bible. Illustration about 3D Rendered Flag of Emperor of Constantinople. [2] [87] The dibellion's nature has been debated, but its name – most likely a mixed Greek-Latin compound meaning "double velum" – apparently describes a forked pennon, evidently of Western European origin. The standards were not only used for distinguishing units, but also as rallying points and for conveying signals to the other formations. [9], The emblem mostly associated with the Byzantine Empire is the double-headed eagle. This Constantinople, circa A flag will be delivered with a double safety-seam as well as with 2 metal eyelets to hoist at the flag pole. [52] Thus a late 15th-century French source explicitly refers to them as letters, but a mid-14th century Sevillan traveller and pseudo-Kodinos both call them firesteels (πυρέκβολα, pyrekvola, in Greek). Along with the double-headed eagle, the tetragrammatic cross was also adopted as part of their family coat of arms by the cadet line of the Palaiologos dynasty ruling in Montferrat. [43][46][47] On coins, the "B"s were often accompanied by circles or stars up to the end of the Empire, while Western sources sometimes depict the Byzantine flag as a simple gold cross on red, without the "B"s.[48][49] The symbol was also adopted by Byzantine vassals, like the Gattilusi who ruled Lesbos after 1355, or the Latin lords of Rhodes Vignolo dei Vignoli and Foulques de Villaret. [54][52], Relief with the tetragrammatic cross as imperial arms, in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum, Early 14th-century depiction of Constantinople during the 1204 siege by the Fourth Crusade, Attributed arms of the Latin Empire from the reign of Philip I, who held the title of Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1273–1283, Billon tornese coin from the joint reign of John V Palaiologos and John VI Kantakouzenos (1347–1353), The tetragrammatic cross emblem of the Palaiologos dynasty, from the 15th-century Harley 6163 manuscript, Imperial banner of the Palaiologos dynasty, as recorded by pseudo-Kodinos and one of the Byzantine flags depicted in the Castilian Conosçimiento de todos los reynos (ca. [26][39], Michael VIII Palaiologos standing on a suppedion decorated with single-headed eagles, John VI Kantakouzenos standing on a suppedion decorated with gold-embroidered double-headed eagles, Manuel II Palaiologos with his family. Cross G reek Flag with Haya Sophia ( Ayia Sofia) Constantinoupolis ( Constantinople ).F lag made from 110 gsm Knitted Polyester ( special for outdoor ). [8] Eagle-topped scepters were a frequent feature of consular diptychs, and appear on coins until the reign of Philippikos Bardanes (r. Flag of the Palaiologoi as shown in the Book of all Kingdoms The Book of all Kingdoms, a 14th-century book written by a Castillian Friar, lists this as the "Flag of the Empire of Constantinople" (The Byzantine Empire). It is not certain, however, what the later standards looked like. Constantinople kŏn˝stăn˝tĭnō´pəl , former capital of the Byzantine Empire and of the Ottoman Empire, since 1930 officially called İstanbul (for location and description, see İstanbul). [63][64] Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) inserted the Chi-Rho emblem in Roman military standards, resulting in the so-called labarum. The single-headed Roman imperial eagle continued to be used in Byzantium, although far more rarely. At the time, Mistra, a fortified town also called Sparta or Lacedaemon due to its proximity to the ancient city,was a center of arts and culture rivalling Constantinople. Svoronos himself proposed three alternate readings by incorporating the symbol of the cross into the motto: Σταυρὲ βασιλέως βασιλέων βασιλεῖ βοήθει ("Cross of the King of Kings aid the emperor"), Σταυρὲ βασιλέως βασιλέων βασιλευούσῃ βοήθει Staurè basileùs basiléon basileuoúse boéthei ("Cross of the King of Kings aid the ruling city [Constantinople]"), and Σταυρὲ βασιλέως βασιλέων βασιλεύων βασίλευε Staurè basileùs basiléon basileúon basíleue ("Cross of the King of Kings, rule in reigning"), while the Greek heraldist G. Tipaldos rejected Svoronos' reading and suggested that they represented a repetition of the motto Σταυρέ, βοήθει Staurè, boéthei ("Cross, Come to Our Aid"). [71] The historian A. Babuin furthermore notes that the flags shown in the manuscript vary widely in appearance and that no singular pattern can be discerned, apart from a relatively restricted range of colours (red, white, and blue) used either monochromatically or in alternting bands. [58], The frequent use of the star and crescent moon symbol, which appears on coins, military insignia and, perhaps, as a sometime municipal emblem of the imperial city, appears to be connected to the cult of Hecate Lampadephoros ("light-bearer") in Hellenistic-era Byzantium. [57] Only from the 12th century onwards, when the Empire came in increased contact with Westerners because of the Crusades, did heraldry begin to be used among Byzantines. Byzantine Empire Map. They were the laboura (λάβουρα), probably a form of the labarum; the kampēdiktouria (καμπηδικτούρια), descendants of the batons of the late Roman drill-masters or campiductores; the signa (σίγνα, "insignia"); the drakontia (δρακόντια) and the banda. [62], The Late Roman army in the late 3rd century continued to use the insignia usual to the Roman legions: the eagle-tipped aquila, the square vexillum, and the imago (the bust of the emperor on a pole). 78mm x 52mm 3" x 1 ¾" This magnet is great for any world collector! Data Proportions: 1" x 1" Date Used: 1261-1460 The Fall of Constantinople marked the … Fictional. [27] The representation of the eagle on a shield is an adaptation to Western heraldic practice, however; the Byzantines never used it in this manner for themselves, although they employed it in a Western context, e.g. — Byzantine Imperial Flag, standard, Official Flag of the Empire.— Flag of the "Empire of Constantinople" as described at Conoscimiento de todos los reynos (14th Century). The Byzantine Empire was one of the most interesting, unique and mysterious civilizations in world history. [43][44], As an insigne, the cross was already in frequent use in Byzantium since Late Antiquity. This flag is specially made for outer space. in the award of the right to bear the imperial arms to the Florentine citizen Giacomo Paolo di Morellis in 1439. [35] Likewise, the small Byzantine Principality of Theodoro in the Crimea, whose rulers conducted marriage alliances with both the Palaiologoi and the Grand Komnenoi, also used the double-headed eagle in the 15th century. However, this most likely represents a design that was created after her emigration to Italy. … One of the most sophisticated buildings in Constantinople was the formidable complex of defenses. Constantinople is an ancient city in modern-day Turkey that’s now known as Istanbul. Maurice further recommends that the flag of the centre meros, led by the deputy commander (hypostratēgos), should be more conspicuous than those of the other merē, and that the flag of the commanding general (or the emperor, if he was present) should be the most conspicuous of all. Constantine became the Despotes of the Morea (the medieval name for the Peloponnesus) in October 1443, ruling from the fortress and palace in Mistra. Double-headed eagleIn gold, double headed eagle, and imperial red background or black in gold or yellow background. It may have resulted from modifications to the draco or the vexillum, but it appears in its final form in the Stratēgikon, composed of a square or rectangular field with streamers attached. Constantinople had been an imperial capital since its consecration in 330 under Roman Emperor Constantine the Great.In the following eleven centuries, the city had been besieged many times but was captured only once: during the Fourth Crusade in 1204. Posted by u/[deleted] 3 years ago. the motif continues to appear sporadically as architectural decoration in the 14th century, and in some Ottoman coinage in the 15th century. [17] Thus, in the late 12th and throughout the 13th century, the eagle was used in northern Syria and Upper Mesopotamia: the Artuqid sultans of Amida used it as their insigne, the coins of the Zengid dynasty sported it, and Saladin and the Seljuq sultan Kayqubad I likewise used it as a decorative motif in their buildings. The Emperor Constantine was regarded as an ancestor by the Byzantines.He was infact a ruler of Roman … [9], In 1861, the Greek scholar Georgios Chrysovergis wrote that it was adopted by the Komnenoi in 1048. On coins, the "B"s were often accompanied by circles or stars up to the end of the Empire, while Western sources sometimes depict the Byzantine flag as a simple gold cross on red. Close. Constantinople was a home to various amazing architectural masterpieces. Images of flags with crosses quartered with golden discs survive from the 10th century, and a depiction of a flag almost identical to the Palaiologan design is known from the early 13th century.The tetragrammatic cross appears with great frequency in the 14th and 15th centuries: it appears on Byzantine coins during the joint rule of Andronikos II Palaiologos and his son Michael IX Palaiologos, on several Western portolans to designate Constantinople and other Byzantine cities, above one of the windows of the Palace of the Porphyrogenitus. [47][50] It was also adopted in Serbia, with slight changes. Perhaps a symbol of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople itself.— The double-headed eagle with the Palaiologos family monogram (ΠΑΛΓ), from Demetrios Palaiologos personal bible.— Emblem of the Palaiologos Dynasty (1400s) — Έμβλημα της δυναστείας των Παλαιολόγων — The double headed eagle with the sympilema (dynastic cypher) of the Palaiologoi in the center. Eagle-topped scepters were a frequent feature of consular diptychs, and appear on coins until the reign of Philippikos Bardanes(r. 711… and particularly following the Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) and the establishment of Frankish principalities on Byzantine soil from 1204 onwards, did heraldic uses penetrate in Byzantium.    Photo Gallery [18] This usage declined sharply after the Battle of Köse Dağ in 1243, as many Seljuq traditions of pre-Islamic origin were abandoned, including the depiction of animals. Often mentioned in military parades [ 11 ] [ 74 ] in AD,! Constantinople T-Shirt 5.0 out of 5 stars 1 rating and votes can not be posted and votes can be... De todos los reynos ( 14th century, however to have survived beyond the 4th century crosses. Constantinople, returning Alexius IV left the Crusaders without payment this most likely represents a that. Symbol while re-dedicating Constantinople to the other formations side by side 5 stars 1 rating collection the. 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