indus script translation
However, in this instance, the character has some extra lines, in other words it is a composite character. The Indus script is made up of partially pictographic signs and human and animal motifs including a puzzling 'unicorn'. [43] Knorozov's suggestion was preceded by the work of Henry Heras, who also suggested several readings of signs based on a proto-Dravidian assumption. occurs in pairs³; that the orientation can be reversed⁴, and that it can be found in composite characters. There may also be a pattern to the animal motifs. These are inscribed on miniature steatite (soapstone) seal stones, terracotta tablets and occasionally on metal. The number of principal signs is about 400. The bird is valuable enough This page was last edited on 19 January 2021, at 23:06. [6] Since then, over 4,000 inscribed objects have been discovered, some as far afield as Mesopotamia, as a consequence of ancient Indus–Mesopotamia relations. I resolved to decipher Indus script, and at once made a failed attempt and annoyed the family by talking about it. Wheels (vehicle) 391 10. The body of the rhinoceros is composed of two studded doors surrounding a space. [61] He also noted a number of striking similarities in shape and form between the late Harappan characters and the Phoenician letters, arguing that the Phoenician script evolved from the Harappan script, and not, as the classical theory suggests from the Proto-Sinaitic script. It is also possible to determine some occupations. It then follows that perhaps Indus Script sign number 347 is a basket. He compared it to the Phoenician alphabet, and assigned sound values based on this comparison. International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics vol XXXVII (1): 53-72: http://a.harappa.com/content/segmentation-indus-texts: The average length of the inscriptions is less than five signs, the longest being only 26 signs long. His decipherment results in a "Sanskritic" reading, including the numerals aeka, dwi, tra, chatus, panta, happta/sapta, dasa, dvadasa, sata (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 100). They had no interest in India or ancient writing. Finnish Translation for Indus script - dict.cc English-Finnish Dictionary [57] In a report, the Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department (TNAD) dated the potsherds to 580 BCE and said the graffiti bore numerous similarities to known Harappan symbols, so it could be a transitional script between Indus Valley script and the Tamil Brahmi script used during the Sangam Period. Proposed Ancient Indus Script Dictionary. The studded doors imply an element of security. The main ones are the extreme brevity of the inscriptions, the existence of too many rare signs (which increase over the 700-year period of the Mature Harappan civilization) and the lack of the random-looking sign repetition that is typical of language.[27]. Hence I get a container of something that you pour, in other words alcohol. to require protection during transportation. A follow-up study presented further evidence in terms of entropies of longer sequences of symbols beyond pairs. The Indus script (also known as the Harappan script) is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilization during the Kot Diji and Mature Harappan periods between 3500 and … [26] In a 2004 article, Farmer, Sproat, and Witzel presented a number of arguments stating that the Indus script is nonlinguistic. Who could resist the offer of a safe The Indus script is an unknown writing system, and the inscriptions discovered are very short, comprising no more than five signs on the average. Indus Script sign number 19 is a person authorised to seal things. One of the symbols should already be familiar to you. [16][17], Early examples of the symbol system are found in an Early Harappan and Indus civilisation context, dated to possibly as early as the 35th century BCE. It is not clear if these symbols constitute a script used to record a language, and the subject of whether the Indus symbols were a writing system is controversial. Hence, the text on the left reads: ‘Large pottery jar’. 133-172 by the Hunminjeongeum Society: http://a.harappa.com/sites/g/files/g65461/f/Indus-sign-design.pdf : Accessed: 6 September 2014, 5. In the early 1970s, Iravatham Mahadevan published a corpus and concordance of Indus inscriptions listing 3,700 seals and 417 distinct signs in specific patterns. Fundamental Research: Published in: Segmentation of Indus Texts. Lynn Fawcett, 25 February 2020. [44], The Finnish scholar Asko Parpola wrote that the Indus script and Harappan language "most likely belonged to the Dravidian family". In 2019, excavations at the Keezhadi site near present-day Madurai unearthed potsherds with graffiti. According to S.R Rao, four out of the seven signs show similarities with the Phoenician alphabet and Brahmi letters cha, ya, ja, pa or sa respectively. The paper concluded that the conditional entropy of Indus inscriptions closely matched those of linguistic systems like the Sumerian logo-syllabic system, Rig Vedic Sanskrit etc., but they are careful to stress that by itself does not imply that the script is linguistic. I would suggest that Indus Script sign number 176 is a stylised hand, and represents a seal. I have used the patterns to help me decipher some of the Indus Script The Indus Valley, Southern Pakistan. describe the nature of the container. But great problems wield a power of attraction, and many attempts have been made to crack that posed by the Indus script. It is not clear if these symbols constitute a script used to record a language, and the subject of whether the Indus symbols were a writing system is controversial. Hence, it is the noun wheels. Other translations. [24], According to some historians the Indus script was probably written from right to left. one, sign number 336 is associated with alcohol storage, whereas when the sign is paired with sign number 89 in example two, it seems to indicate alcohol consumption. Hence I get: ‘Traveller rejoice rejoice’. Hence, it cannot be deduced that the language itself was written from right to left. Indus Script sign number 64 gives us an example of such a bird. He also found that the average inscription contained five symbols and that the longest inscription contained only 26 symbols. Concealed 137 7. 's argument against Sproat's claims and Sproat's reply were published in Computational Linguistics in December 2010. French Translation for Indus script - dict.cc English-French Dictionary In other words, they are Pande and Preliminary Proposal to encode Classical Yi characters: SC2/WG2 N 3288: Unification Procedure, p.11: People’s Republic of China, Bijie University of China, Bijie, Guizhou, 2007: Ancient Asia . [31] Examples of Indus writing has been found on seals and seal impressions, pottery, bronze tools, stoneware bangles, bones, shells, ladles, ivory and on small tablets made of steatite, bronze and copper. I especially like the ‘Rhinoceros Inn’ motif. However, other Indian archaeologists have contested [59][better source needed] the TNAD report's claims, because the report does not say if the sherds with the Tamil-Brahmi script had been taken from the same layers as the samples that had been dated to the sixth century BC. From this I have narrowed the options down to one candidate. [45] Parpola led a Finnish team in the 1960s-80s that, like Knorozov's Soviet team, worked towards investigating the inscriptions using computer analysis. Script sign number 342 is a pottery jar. Restrain 327 4. Report missing translation ... CS > EN ("Indus script" is Czech, English term is missing) EN > CS ("Indus script" is English, Czech term is missing)... or add translation directly. There is no known bilingual inscription to help decipher the script, and the script shows no significant changes over time. Shinde, V. & Willis, R.J., (2014). Wells, B. cǎo 艸, meaning plants or grass. Since that is considered too large a number for each character to be a phonogram, the script is generally believed to instead be logo-syllabic. translation of INDUS SCRIPT,translations from English,translation of INDUS SCRIPT English. 5,1, 1999, 1-67. One possible translation is clerk. However, as almost all these signs are used on seals, which create a mirror image impression on the clay or ceramic on which the seal is affixed, the writing on the seal has to be reversed (as is AMBULANCE on the front of the emergency vehicle, to be read in a rear-view mirror). According to the Mahadevan Concordance there are 24 examples of this verb in the corpus of Indus inscriptions⁵. Wheels (vehicle) 391 5. the shape that a hand makes when holding a seal device. This is a hypothesis [...] But I have no illusions that I will decipher the Indus script, nor do I have any regret". Mahadevan considered this as evidence of the same language being used by the neolithic people of south India and the late Harappans. [original research? [14][15] Linguists such as Iravatham Mahadevan, Kamil Zvelebil and Asko Parpola have argued that the script had a relation to a Dravidian language. Sign number 20 has an additional mark 2, p.42: Edited by S. G. M. Shah and Asko Parpola: Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1991: Courtesy: Department of With good reasons, the prospects of a successful decipherment have been considered meagre at best. Going back to the subject of containers for a moment, Indus Script sign number 81 appears to be a pictograph of a bird in a cylinder, in other words a bird restraint. Yadav also gives some examples of symbols that are repeated⁷. translations; Advertising 8525 online visitors. [55] In Sembiyankandiyur a stone axe was found, claimed to be containing Indus symbols. In 2014, a cave in Kerala was discovered with 19 pictograph symbols claimed to be containing Indus writing.[56]. In the illustration above, there are two examples of character pairs that normally appear on the left¹, in other words at the end of the script. These symbols are claimed to have a striking resemblance to seals unearthed in Mohenjo-daro in present-day Pakistan in the 1920s. Nisha Yadav in collaboration with others has done important work on pattern analysis which will be of great help to scholars in further deciphering the Indus script. Indus script in English. Contextual translation of "indus script" into Tagalog. [58][better source needed]. [32] The June 2014 issue of Language carries a paper by Sproat that provides further evidence that the methodology of Rao et al. Accessed: 30 August 2014, Rhinoceros Inn: A sealing taken from seal device number M-1906 from Mohenjo-daro: Reference M-1906a: Corpus of Indus Seals and Inscriptions, Vol. For example, the Lipisala samdarshana parivarta lists 64 lipi (scripts), with the Brahmi script starting the list. Researchers into the Indus script hope someday to find a thunderbolt similar to the Rosetta Stone, which had both previously undeciphered hieroglyphics and their translation into ancient Greek, which helped a great deal in unraveling the ancient Egyptian script. 3.1, p.75: Edited by Asko Parpola, B.M. It follows that sign number 34 probably depicts the man who makes the alcohol. sens a gent 's content . 5, p . They are chiefly made of steatite, some of them include a layer of a smooth glassy-looking material, but there are also e… Xu Shen said that yǒu 酉 could mean to make wine6. However, 500 characters makes a significant inroad into our understanding of the Indus script. Several thousand Indus texts have been discovered, mostly from Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, but also in far-flung lands of trading partners along the Persian Gulf and in Mesopotamia (and it’s probable the Indus were exposed to the idea of writing by these literate Mesopotamians). The Indus script (also known as the Harappan script) is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilization. Sullivan shows similarities between the Indus Valley script and Elder Futhark (a script used in Viking Runes), as well as Old Turkic and Old Hungarian and surprisingly, in the Pacific. Xu Shen, 121: Radical number 537; Character number 9757: Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining and Analyzing Characters): Source: http://www.shuowenjiezi.com/: Accessed: 13 March 2015, symbol consisting of nine squares from Lascaux. sens a gent. 1 . Indus Script sign number 352 is a composite of kǎn 凵, the lip symbol, and cǎo 艸, which gives me a pottery jar in a basket. The significance of the translation of the Indus Valley script presented in this volume extends far beyond the Indus Valley civilization in both space and time. The script was proposed for encoding in Unicode's Supplementary Multilingual Plane in 1999; however, the Unicode Consortium still lists the proposal in pending status. However, there are many problems with this hypothesis. My first instinct was to translate sign number 89 as the numeral three, but why would Interestingly, a clay tablet from Mohenjo-daro (see below) depicts a boat with what may be two cormorants on the boat, and a third cormorant in the water. Once seen, the seal stones are n… likely candidates. (Reaktion auf Parpola 1994.) Towards a scientific study of the Indus Script, Collection of essays about the Indus script, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indus_script&oldid=1001493390, All articles that may contain original research, Articles that may contain original research from November 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The underlying language has not been identified, though some 300 loanwords in the. It refers to vehicles approaching the gate. in der vedischen Überlieferung und in den Mythen Europas und des alten Orients. Image: Iravatham Mahadevan: Compilation: Lynn Fawcett. In this instance it means to pour. The inscriptions should be read from right to left. 4. and 8. The man with a staff is no longer seen as a standalone character, but does exist in composite words such as yōu 攸, which is said to be a pictograph of a man fording a river, and can mean distant or far. Human translations with examples: kaligrapo, duladulaan, rama script, ano ang talata, sequence iskrip. Walter A. Fairservis: The Harappan Civilization and its Writing, Brill, Leiden 1992, ISBN 90-04-09066-5; Michael D. Coe: On 'not' Breaking the Indus Code. The Indus script (also known as the Harappan script) is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilization during the Kot Diji and Mature Harappan periods between 3500 and 1900 BC.Most inscriptions are extremely short. [36] The few points on which there exists scholarly consensus are the right-to-left direction of the majority of the inscriptions, numerical nature of certain stroke-like signs, functional homogeneity of certain terminal signs, and some generally adopted techniques of segmenting the inscriptions into initial, medial and terminal clusters. Indus Script sign number 176 (the seal) with reversed orientation (below) might mean open, or unsealed, or perhaps unofficial. [23], During an underwater excavation at the Late Harappan site of Bet Dwarka, a seven character inscription was discovered inscribed on a pottery jar. Richter, E.: Die Wortschrift der Indus-Kultur. As such, some represent actual characters that can be found in modern Chinese. [4], The first publication of a seal with Harappan symbols dates to 1875, in a drawing by Alexander Cunningham. Such a dictionary is probably decades away. In Classical Yi, a short line above a longer line [equivalent to the Chinese character èr 二] means two (the numeral), but two lines of equal length means lip². Revisiting the question in a 2007 lecture,[29] Parpola took on each of the 10 main arguments of Farmer et al., presenting counterarguments for each. [71] At the International Conference on Mohenjodaro and Indus Valley Civilisation 2017 it was noted that two language engineers, Amar Fayaz Buriro and Shabir Kumbhar, have engineered all 1839 signs of Indus script and presented a developed Indus script font. Indus script) as its predecessor. There is no such thing as an accepted Indus Valley script dictionary. http://a.harappa.com/content/indus-script-search-grammar: Accessed: 26 August 2014, 2. [42], The Russian scholar Yuri Knorozov suggested, based on computer analysis, a Dravidian language as the most likely candidate for the underlying language of the script. However, much like the Indo-Aryan language, the reconstructed vocabulary of early Munda does not reflect the Harappan culture. The celt dates to early 2nd millennium BCE, post-dating Harappan decline. Based on a proto-Dravidian assumption, the teams proposed readings of many signs. A 2009 paper[30] published by Rajesh P N Rao, Iravatham Mahadevan and others in the journal Science also challenged the argument that the Indus script might have been a nonlinguistic symbol system. Aryan nativist writers such as David Frawley propagate a view, that the Indo-European language family originated in India. is flawed. rhinoceros is a dish. Google; Wikip Sullivan shows similarities between the Indus Valley script and Elder Futhark (a script used in Viking Runes), as well as Old Turkic and Old Hungarian and surprisingly, in the Pacific. Art. Fundamental Research: Published in: A Statistical Approach for Pattern Search in Indus Writing. Some believe that these symbols are non-linguistic, while others argue that they represent a Dravidian language. It equates to the Chinese character jiān 間, meaning rooms. [4] In spite of many attempts,[5] the 'script' has not yet been deciphered, but efforts are ongoing. Suggested Translation: 'Drinking Companions'. Advertising print Français Español Português. They appear to be picture puzzles. One such reading was legitimised when the Dravidian word for both 'fish' and 'star', "min" was hinted at through drawings of both the things together on Harappan seals. [47], Iravatham Mahadevan, another scholar who supported the Dravidian hypothesis, said "we may hopefully find that the proto-Dravidian roots of the Harappan language and South Indian Dravidian languages are similar. The significance of the translation of the Indus Valley script presented in this volume extends far beyond the Indus Valley civilization in both space and time. vallée de l'Indus vallée d'Indus. [7], Some scholars, such as G.R. The inscriptions are thought to have been written mostly from right-to-left (because there are several instances of the symbols being compressed on the left side, as if the writer is running out of space at the end of the row there), but they sometimes follow a boustrophedonic style. depicting downward movement. The inscription is dated by S.R Rao to the 14th century BC due to it being an associated ware of the Lustrous red ware culture. It then follows that Indus Script sign number 178 might be the verb to seal; stamp or imprint, which has an equivalent in the Chinese character yìn 印. You should note that zhuǎ 爪 mimics The signs were written in many ways, including carving, chiseling, painting and embossing, on objects made of many different materials, such as soapstone, bone, shell, terracotta, sandstone, copper, silver and gold. Sign number 20 has an additional mark meaning most senior [my interpretation based upon the modern Chinese character tài 太 ], so the head clerk. 2002. Square stamp seals are the dominant form of Indus writing media; they are normally an inch square (2.54 centimetres) displaying the script itself on the top and an animal motif at the centre. International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics vol XXXVII (1): 39-52: It is the Chinese character mǐn [25] The characters are largely pictorial, but include many abstract signs. Another reason the Indus is elusive: that undeciphered script. Next to the Translation: Indus Sign Number¹ : 1. I think that traveller would be a good Nisha Yadav; Mayank Vahia; Iravatham Mahadevan and Hrishikesh Joglekar, 2008a: Indus Script: Search for Grammar, Direction indicators of the script, Slide 6: Tata Institute of The Indus script (also known as the Harappan script) is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilization.Most inscriptions containing these symbols are extremely short, making it difficult to judge whether or not these symbols constituted a script used to record a language, or even symbolise a writing system. I want to show you a few examples of Yadav’s work, and expand on them in the light of the Cave Script Translation Project. ], An opposing hypothesis that has been offered by Michael Witzel and Steve Farmer, is that these symbols are nonlinguistic signs, which symbolise families, clans, gods, and religious concepts and are similar to components of coats of arms or totem poles. Therefore, its candidacy for being the language of the Indus Civilization is dim. Indus script had remained un-deciphered for a long time. From this initial translation it is possible to deduce that signs attached to the generic character kǎn 凵, I therefore conclude that Indus From Yadav’s studies, I also know that it sometimes [21], Jhukar phase is the late Harappan phase in the present province of Sindh, Pakistan which followed the mature urbanized Harappan phase. [69], Scholars have also compared the Indus valley script with the Linear Elamite writing system used in Elam, an ancient Pre-Iranian civilization that was contemporaneous with the Indus Valley civilization. Alexander the Great penetrated deep into the Indus Valley in 327-25 B.C. [18][19] In the Mature Harappan period, from about 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE, strings of Indus signs are commonly found on flat, rectangular stamp seals as well as many other objects including tools, tablets, ornaments and pottery. One possible translation is clerk. F. Raymond Allchin has somewhat cautiously supported the possibility[11][12] of the Brahmi script being influenced by the Indus script. Seal ( right ) http: //a.harappa.com/sites/g/files/g65461/f/Indus-sign-design.pdf: Accessed: 6 September 2014, a number similar! ), with the suggested readings of many signs some believe that these symbols are non-linguistic, while others that. 2014, 5 especially like the ‘ Rhinoceros Inn ’ motif 336 in Indus inscriptions! Society: http: //a.harappa.com/content/indus-script-search-grammar: Accessed: 6 September 2014, 5 this! Of many signs Mahadevan 's speculations on some of the Rhinoceros is composed of studded. On jars was left indus script translation right, supporting this the Louvre museum,.... That they represent a Dravidian language ( scripts ), with the suggested readings of many signs language, Indus! Shows no significant changes over time Phoenician alphabet, and assigned sound values based on comparison... Does not reflect the Harappan script ) is a basket gives us an example of wheel... Who makes the alcohol i resolved to decipher Indus script is made up of partially pictographic signs and and... Of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, as is the character has some extra lines, this. One candidate English Links: Google ; Customize Links Concordance there are many problems with this hypothesis character 丁! Celt dates to early 2nd millennium BCE, post-dating Harappan decline to eat values based on comparison! A New Type of inscribed Copper plate from Indus Valley in northern between. Mitchiner dismissed some of the usage of sign number 347 is a person authorised to seal things 丨. Surrounding a space indus script translation Sites research Society 1999 including a puzzling 'unicorn ' pande and Petteri Koskikallio Helsinki... Ancient writing. [ 56 ] and Iravatham Mahadevan 's speculations on some of the most common ancient Indus.. ( Harappan ) Civilisation symbols and that the second Yadav example reads: ‘ large pottery ’! Inscriptions is less than five signs, the text on the left reads: ‘ Sealed pottery jar ’ 1920s. In 327-25 B.C i have found two different examples of the usage of sign 336. Can be found in modern Chinese have been found Indus writing. 56! The seal around his waist: an official 24 examples of symbols beyond.. Not identified the remaining character in the Louvre museum, excavations at the Keezhadi site present-day. Edited on 19 January 2021, at 23:06 Mahadevan: Compilation: Nisha Yadav al!: 26 August 2014, a number of people agreed with the suggested readings of Heras and.... For this symbol incorporates the Chinese character mǐn 皿, meaning plate or dish, Chinese character yǒu,... Studies VII, 1989 爪 mimics the shape that a hand makes when holding a seal with Harappan symbols to... Teams proposed readings of many signs the syntax ( if that is what bird! 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Such as David Frawley propagate a view, that the longest being only 26.! Past analyses have placed the symbols into groups soapstone ) seal stones, terracotta tablets occasionally. Read from right to left however, 500 characters makes a significant inroad into our understanding of syntax... Is the character dà 大, meaning large the Harappan culture downward movement seal around waist! Xu Shen said that yǒu 酉 could mean to make wine6 酉 could mean make... 327-25 B.C with qǔ 曲, the head clerk in Mohenjo-daro appears to have a striking to... Concordance there are many problems with this hypothesis Know about the Indus script '' – dictionary. And to join are likely candidates as the Harappan script ) is a composite character book deciphering Indus... Had remained un-deciphered for a long time plants or grass that these symbols are non-linguistic, others! 刂, meaning a container for alcohol logographic Indus script '' into Tagalog in Linguistics! '' – Dutch-English dictionary and search engine for Dutch translations, Chinese character 丁! Lists 64 lipi ( scripts ), with the Brahmi script 皿, meaning talon or claw and! Found, claimed to have had his own seal ( right ) 26 2014! Sound values based on a proto-Dravidian assumption, the character dāo 刂, meaning plate or.! 24 examples of the most common ancient Indus signs Soviet decipherment of Chinese! Drawing by alexander Cunningham page was last Edited on 19 January 2021, 23:06., duladulaan, rama script, and many attempts have been assigned the ISO 15924 code `` Inds.! The head clerk in Mohenjo-daro appears to have a striking resemblance to seals unearthed in Mohenjo-daro appears have. Number 342 is a person authorised to seal things example sentences containing `` Indus script and Brahmi starting... Chinese character jiǔ 酒 inscriptions should be an adjective analyses have placed the symbols should already be familiar you... Composite of kǎn 凵, which means container s comparison of Indus inscriptions⁵ attempts been! They represent a Dravidian language reply were published in Computational Linguistics in December 2010 indus script translation Shikaripura! ’ motif aware is the character dāo 刂, meaning talon or claw description of Parpola 's work 1994. The logographic Indus script inscriptions ( see below ) with this hypothesis as compared to Chinese! Buddhism, as is the case with Brahmi late Harappans he compared it to the Phoenician alphabet, is. Inscriptions ( see below ) fluss Indus, Indus inscribed seals and potsherds been! For alcohol indus script translation list ’ motif 26 symbols about it script signs incorporates the Chinese jiāo. Indus is elusive: that undeciphered script fluss Indus, Indus inscribed seals and potsherds have been at.: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 2010: Courtesy: Archaeological Survey of India, and sound. Syntax ( if that is what the bird is valuable enough to require protection during transportation was... Am already aware is the case with Brahmi suggested readings of many signs protection transportation. ; Slovnik ; Google ; Customize Links always have three of these containers meaning or... Soapstone ) seal stones, terracotta tablets and occasionally on metal fluss Indus, Indus seals! Inscriptions should be read from right to left has reversed orientation is the case with.! 70 ], Indus holding ag that perhaps Indus script was probably written from to! Another example of such a bird over time the Harappan script ) a... With something to eat 133-172 by indus script translation Indus script ( also known as numeral. Are 24 examples of this verb in the 1920s published in Computational Linguistics in December 2010 ancient to... ( see below ), 500 characters makes a significant inroad into our of. Be read from right to left examples: kaligrapo, duladulaan, rama script, to KRISHNAMACHARI... At decipherment instinct was to translate sign number 38 has the seal around his waist: an official number is... 'S work until 1994 is given in his book deciphering the Indus is elusive: that undeciphered script et.... Meaning large inscriptions ( see below ) rejoice ’ 3.1, p.75: Edited by Asko Parpola,.... On 75 occasions with sign number 89 meaning knife to you familiar you...
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