focus group discussion methodology pdf
PDF FOCUS GROUPS REPORT - Downtown Women's Center or focus group methodology and found that 42 provided no guidance at all on the number of focus group discus-sions needed for a study, six recommended saturation, 10 . PDF Focus Group Discussions Understanding Qualitative Research Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is a research method in the social sciences, with a particular emphasis and application in the developmental program evaluation sphere (Doody, Slevin, & Taggart, 2013). A focus group lasting more than 90 minutes probably includes too many questions or topics for discussion. Methodology Brief: Focus Group Fundamentals PDF A Qualitative Framework for Collecting and Analyzing Data ... Focus groups are designed to facilitate the expression of thoughts and attitudes in open-ended questions, providing an opportunity to hear voices "behind the numbers." Researchers often conduct both qualitative and quantitative research for a project. Key Words: Focus Group Discussion, One -on One Qualitative Interview, Social Research Methodology, Qualitative Data, and Groupthink. The main characteristic of a focus group is the interaction between the moderator and the group, as well as the interaction between group members. In addition, anyone involved in the production, distribution or marketing of tobacco products should The methodology of Focus Groups 107 ing togetber witb minimal input from tbe facilitator and encourage partic- Determining the number of focus group discussions needed in a study is a key part of research design, as sample size influences multiple study components (e.g., . . Focus groups are group discussions conducted with the participation of 7 to 12 people to capture their experiences and views regarding specific issues closely related to research question(s). PDF Focus Group Discussion Report for the Civil Society ... Also, during this training, the . Focus group interviews are a qualitative research method that consist of a carefully designed "discussion" which allows people to express their points of view in a group setting and provide researchers with indicators of program impact. Making optimal use of the Focus Group method in Tanzania. Groups exert normative pressure on individuals, so personal or . Instead of asking questions of each participant in turn, they are encouraged to It is used to learn about opinions on a designated topic, and to guide future action. Focus group methodology: introduction and . Today researchers have a variety of choices in analyzing focus group data, and these generally fall into two basic categories: qualitative or quantita-tive. Focus Group Interviewing --- Richard Krueger 4 Beginning the Focus Group Discussion The first few moments in focus group discussion are critical. Conducting successful focus groups is harder than it looks. We have already published two monographs on this subject. Summary of Themes (Small number of key points should be presented) Limitations and Alternative Explanations. Conducting the focus group Ideally, the focus group is conducted by a team consisting of a moderator and assistant moderator. Examples: A focus group of parents of preschoolers meets to discuss child care needs. (Morgan, 1997, p. 6) Focus Groups Defined t wo individual interviews were equally as effective as one focus group, and four interviews as effective as two focus groups. Focus groups refer to a "nondirective technique that results in the controlled production of a discussion of a group of people" (Flores & Alonso, 1995, p. 84); a moderator typically facilitates the discussion. Quantitative data was analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20. This paper uses the definition of focus group as a controlled group discussion, on the basis that the group interaction generated through discussion is of prior importance to this methodology. Qualitative data which was collected from open-ended questions and focus group discussions, which the respondents gave answer by using their own words, was coded into a set of categories thematically. the data to be obtained from focus groups is as important as it is for any other type of research. Focus groups can help clarify such perplexing information. methods such as the interview method, focus group discussions, observation methods and content analysis are discussed in detail as to how they were used and the extent of their effectiveness. A Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is a method for collecting qualitative data that gathers community individuals together to discuss a specific topic. (2002) used focus groups to explore student experiences of Personal Development Plans, whilst Fuller et al. FGDs are a predetermined semi-structured interview led by a skilled moderator. topic. This methodology brief outlines a five-stage process for conducting focus groups and reporting on the results. Focus groups are group discussions organised to explore a specific set of issues sucb as people's views and experiences of contraception (Barker and Ricb 1992, Zimmerman et al. Focus Group Methodology is an introductory text which leads readers through the entire process of designing a focus group study, from conducting interviews and analyzing data to presenting the findings. onducted 8 (2-h) focus groups and 9 (1-h) individual interviews n umber of needs o n average, a single focus group identified more needs than a single individual interview. Focus Group Discussion M. Escalada and K.L. Today researchers have a variety of choices in analyzing focus group data, and these generally fall into two basic categories: qualitative or quantitative. A focus group discussion isa qualitative data collection method that engages 6 to 12 people—with shared characteristics pertinent to the specific discussion topic—and is led by a trained facilitator. The principal challenge in obtaining consent lies in giving a clear account of what will take place in the group, owing to . Focus group discussion is frequently used as a qualitative approach to gain an in-depth understanding of social issues. "Focus groups and methodological rigour outside the minority world: making the method work to its strengths in Tanzania.". DISCUSSIONS. 2015. A focus group is a small-group discussion guided by a trained leader. Focus group discussions (FGDs) have been used in public health research since the 1990s [].They aim to explore participants' experiences, beliefs, and attitudes by using group processes to stimulate responses and gain insights through participants exchanging views, and questioning and challenging each other [1,2,3,4,5].They are often perceived as a cost and time efficient way of collecting . . Parents share their views on local child care programs, and on what could be done to improve them. Important skills that a group moderator should possess 3. Focus groups are a research technique that collects data through group interaction on a topic determined by the researcher; in essence, it is the . The five stages are: Study Purpose Methodology Conceptualization Logistics Facilitation Preparation Pre-Session Session Analysis Reporting Using this five-stage process as a guide will contribute to the completion of an Thus, the 01-Liamputtong-4157-Ch-01.indd 3 23/10/2010 4:22:32 PM. A focus group discussion (or FGD) is a qualitative research method in the social sciences, with a particular emphasis and application in the developmental program evaluation sphere. Focus groups, unlike individual interviews, provide the added dimension of the interactions among members. Most educators have survey methods 'in their bones' because they learned them fi rst. focus group, with adolescents we hadn't interviewed, to check the role a focus group might play vis-à-vis other ethnographic data. Focus groups are a special type of group used to gather information from members of a clearly defined target audience. For example, exclude health professionals from focus groups when the topic is a health issue. The main objective of this chapter is to enable readers and researchers acquire practical skills of managing qualitative data gathering processes. sensitive topics) When interaction among interviewees will yield the best info (ex. Focus group discu[ s-sions are distinguished from the broader category of group interviews by the explicit use of group interac-tion/dynamics to generate data. THE USE OF FOCUS GROUP IN THE RESEARCH DESIGN The goal of a Focus Group is to have the participants understand the topic of interest to the researcher, irrespective of its use, alone or together with other research methods. At this time, the moderator makes a quick check to ensure The main characteristic of a focus group . The FGDs were held separately for discussions were audio-taped, after obtaining oral informed consent, so that the information . Focus group discussions can be applied at any stage of the project or programme A qualitative approach, using focus groups and interview methodology, was adopted. When used in Interview Focus Group Complex subject matter and knowledgeable respondents, Promote discussion between participants on a specific topic When interviewing one person at a time will yield the best info (ex. The findings from these focus groups were stark. focus group discussions occur. type of data: 'Focus groups explicitly use group interaction as part of the method' (Kitzinger 1995: 299). A focus group is a group of people assembled by researchers to comment on a topic by giving feedback based on their personal experience. The main goal of Focus Group Discussion is to provide an opportunity for the participants to talk to one another about a specific area […] A Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is a qualitative research method and data collection technique in which a selected group of people discusses a given topic or issue in-depth, facilitated by a professional, external moderator. There are only a few basic rules to keep in mind while participating today: Survey methodology shares with focus group method a commitment 6 3. • The interview will be conducted in a form of group discussion among 6 to 10 respondents in an unstructured and natural way where the participants are free to express ideas and . iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The goals of the Latino Community Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention and . 3 Executive Summary The Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Report is based on findings from 17 FGDs and one international 1325 expert conference, held in 16 countries with over 200 participants.1 The report informs the Global Study on Women, Peace and Security, called by UNSCR 2122 to "highlight examples of good practice, implementation gaps and International Journal of Qualitative Methods 2009, 8(3) 2 Keywords: focus group, focus group analysis, micro-interlocutor analysis, conversation analysis Authors' note: Correspondence should be addressed to Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie, Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling, Box 2119, Sam Houston State Introduction The Focus Group Discussion (FGD), which is also referred to as group interviewing, is essentially a qualitative research methodology. The goal of conducting a focus group of SVOR registrants was to provide the Law & Justice . In a brief time the moderator must create a thoughtful, permissive atmosphere, provide ground rules, and set the tone of the discussion. A Focus Group Discussion Guide B Screener Form C Recruitment Criteria D Participant Information Form E Participant Information Form Findings. The key characteristic of focus groups, according to Morgan's Focus Groups as Qualitative Research , is "the explicit use of the group interaction to produce data and insights that would This may make it diffi cult to get focus groups right. Turning to budget issues as a factor in planning focus groups, one guideline is that A focused interview is to ask open . 3 Executive Summary The Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Report is based on findings from 17 FGDs and one international 1325 expert conference, held in 16 countries with over 200 participants.1 The report informs the Global Study on Women, Peace and Security, called by UNSCR 2122 to "highlight examples of good practice, implementation gaps and 4 Focus Group MethodoloGy 13.3.1 Designing the Focus Groups. 2. Richard A. Krueger, PhD, and Mary Anne Casey, PhD. As discussed previously, FG may be considered as much a stand-alone research method as one used in conjunction with other methods. Questions are open-ended, with the aim of stimulating an informal discussion with participants They are used to find out the perceptions and attitudes of a defined group of people. Focus Groups Report: Survivor Solutions to Program and Systems Change - 4 - o Increase the number of women moving into permanent housing in Los Angeles o Create a model for replication and scale for dissemination across the U.S. DVHSC conducted 12 county-wide focus groups in 2017. This paper introduces and reviews the use of focus group methodology across the social sciences, identifying three different research traditions within which it has been used. Focus groups are designed to facilitate the expression of thoughts and attitudes in open-ended questions, providing an opportunity to hear voices "behind the numbers." Researchers often conduct both qualitative and quantitative research for a project. Focus group discussion is a research methodology in which a small group of participants gather to discuss a specified topic or an issue to generate data. Focus group discussion is a research methodology in which a small group of participants gather to discuss a specified topic or an issue to generate data. Title: 103.PDF Author: jcnunes Created Date: 11/25/2004 1:56:08 PM methods--community/group interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, informal surveys, and rapid direct observation, and has been preparing a series off guidelines, papers, and case studies on each of them. focus group discussion is a commonly used method. Focus groups data collection method is most suitable for types of studies where multiple perspectives needed to be obtained regarding the same problem. . What is a Focus Group? (Number of focus groups, method of selecting participants, number of people in each focus group) Results or Findings. Focus groups contain elements of two research methods: it is a group interview and the interview is focused. Focus groups and interviews are among the various types of qualitative research. but the data comes from the group interaction. • Focus groups typically last about 60 to 90 minutes. Throughout this guide we use the example of the National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded Puget Sound Consortium for Manufacturing Excellence (CME) program to illustrate the focus group method. A brief discussion of the nature of focus group data and its analysis is included as well. Focus Group . According Mindoti (1999) research methodology in ethnomusicology borrows a lot from natural . • It is a form of qualitative research where questions are asked about their perceptions attitudes, beliefs, opinion or ideas. When used in It examines some key considerations affecting the use of focus groups, and highlights three central features of focus group research: providing access to . Because the results of this study are derived from focus group discussions, a few words about the focus group methodology are in order. The first step, then, is to describe the three contexts that inform this research project: 1) a trend toward devolution in the control of land management processes in the Thus, they comprise of predetermined semi-structured interviews whereby broad questions are asked on a theme The ideal focus group moderator has the following traits: Can listen attentively with sensitivity and empathy Appendix (such as a copy of the focus group questions used to guide the discussions) Section I . Focus group discussion is a form of qualitative research method in which the interviewer (also called the moderator) asks research participants specific questions about a topic or an issue in a group discussion. Focus Group Research Features • A focus group is an interview conducted by an experienced and professional moderator among a group of respondents or participants. The focus group technique is a type of qualitative research methodology, generally defined as a structured discussion with a small group of people, run by a facilitator or using a moderating team, to generate The questions and In the following pages, you will find some of the key features of the focus group methodology adapted for the purpose of the Safe Childbirth Checklist. This paper explores, in both conceptual and practical terms, three key issues: consent; confidentiality and anonymity; and risk of harm. methodology of the focus group as a participatory approach by focusing on the particularities that made the focus group method more and less successful in this context. The goal of today's meeting is to understand if the internal communications and news you currently receive is effective, relevant and valuable to you. [The original Facilitator questions are included at the end of the report.] Focus group methodology is one of many tools. Introduction • Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involves gathering people from similar backgrounds or experiences together to discuss a specific topic of interest. Chapter 6 :: Analyzing Focus Group Results 141 participants, and that a short verbal summary at the conclusion of the discussion allows for verification. FOCUS GROUP . Focus group discussions are group discussions exploring a specific set of issues 20]-[22]. researcher-driven interest that provides the focus . . The findings from these focus groups were stark. Focus group interviews nurture different perceptions and points of view and are used to gather everyone participates in the discussion. Focus group methodology can be traced back to Emory Bogardus, who in 1926 . Focus group methodology generates distinct ethical challenges that do not correspond fully to those raised by one-to-one interviews. Finally, the scope and limitations of the study are examined. The first, entitled Rapid, Low-Cost Data Collection Methods . (2003) used Nominal Group Technique (a more structured and narrow version of focus-group methodology) to explore student experiences of fieldwork. Focus group discussions are more akin to natural social interaction among participants. Focus Group Rationale and Methodology . promote discussion, with follow-up prompts and probes for more in-depth discussion. The method aims to obtain data from a purposely selected group of individuals rather than from a statistically representative sample of a broader population. Recommendations. Six focus groups were conducted in English at three urban sites and two in Spanish at a rural . The following can be used as instruments of qualitative projects; observation guide, focus group discussion guide, interview guide, audio/video recorders and cameras. However, it is outlined in Kleve (2007). Select a focus group as a method of research when you seek attitudes, feelings, and behaviors, and want deeper insight than a survey may provide. Liamputtong presents clear, practical advice in simple terms which will be appropriate for undergraduate and postgraduate students who are undertaking research, making this an ideal starter . Focus Groups Report: Survivor Solutions to Program and Systems Change - 4 - o Increase the number of women moving into permanent housing in Los Angeles o Create a model for replication and scale for dissemination across the U.S. DVHSC conducted 12 county-wide focus groups in 2017. Tape recorder moderator facilitates the discussion ; the assistant takes notes and runs the tape recorder 2010! In-Depth discussion purposely selected group of people exclude health professionals from focus groups and reporting on results... 2010, for training in focus group discussion ( FGD ), which is also referred to group... Small group of parents of preschoolers meets to discuss a specific topic of.... 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