thomas more and margaret pole relationship

thomas more and margaret pole relationship

Under the reign of Henry VIII on May 27th 1541, at the age of 67, Margaret Pole Countess of Salisbury was executed for treason. Nothing worked. Margaret, warned of the threat he represented to her own interests and life, said: I trow he is not so unhappy that he will hurt his mother, and yet I care neither for him, nor for any other, for I am true to my Prince., At this point she was questioned rigorously by Henrys councillor William Fitzwilliam. Reginald studied in Italy in 1521 through 1526, financed in part by Henry VIII, then returned and was offered by Henry the choice of several high offices in the church if he would support Henrys divorce from Catherine. Eleanor was related through marriage to Lady Margaret Beaufort's extended family.) Margaret Pole was restored to a position as lady-in-waiting, which helped her financial situation. Get the best results here. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. [10], When Mary was declared a bastard in 1533, Margaret refused to give Mary's gold plate and jewels back to Henry. She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. Mores letters indicate that he was not particularly keen to enter royal service. The accounts differ slightly; Marillac's report, dispatched two days afterwards, recorded that the execution took place in a corner of the Tower with so few people present that, in the evening, news of her execution was doubted. No one would stage a rebellion in her favour while there were male Yorkists to mount a challenge. Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. Henry VIII helped provide good marriages or religious offices for Margarets sons, and a good marriage for her daughter as well. Among his guests, in fact, was the king himself. In some versions, the plucky old girl refused to kneel at the block, and the headsman had to pin her down. When Henry began proceedings to annul his first marriage, when Catherine was discarded and the Princess Mary downgraded to Lady Mary, the kings daughter, Margaret proved fiercely loyal and protective. Her life, marked by stunning reversals of fortune, is an irresistible subject, but it presents a familiar difficulty for the historian. She was now one of the richest people in England. Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. In this first biography of a significant female figure in the male-dominated world of British Tudor politics, Hazel Pierce reconsiders the life and martyrdom of Catholic duchess Margaret Pole against the changing social and political landscape of her times. His choice was Jane Colt, the eldest daughter of a gentleman farmer. They married less than a month after Jane Colts death and More had to seek special dispensation from the church. But literacy was their usual weapon, not spells, and many of them picked up enough legal knowledge to fight their corner in civil disputes. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. When Henry began to poll the European universities about the legality of his annulment, he chose Reginald to visit the Sorbonne, and had no fault to find with the way he carried out his mission. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. Birth City: London, England. Margaret and Richard Pole had five children, born between about 1492 and 1504: four sons and the youngest a daughter. . Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. Rather, he felt that he could be more effective in the city itself, not closeted away amongst the nobles and councilors of Henrys court. And her gender did not necessarily disqualify her from becoming leader of the opposition if that was what she chose. Biography. Investigating An Anemometer. Biography of Anne Neville, Wife and Queen of Richard III of England, Biography of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England, Biography of Margaret of Anjou, Henry VI's Queen, Famous Mothers in History: Ancient Through Modern, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School, Father: George, Duke of Clarence, brother of king Edward IV and of Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III), Note: Cecily Neville, Margarets paternal grandmother, was a paternal aunt of Margarets maternal grandfather, Richard Neville. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. And the king was not pleased with the young lawyer; he promptly imprisoned Mores father in the Tower until he paid a substantial fine. There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. Margaret's only surviving sibling was Edward, Earl of Warwick. He was made knight of the Garter, and appointed chamberlain to the young Prince of Wales. She was a patron of the New Learning, like many Renaissance noblewomen; Gentian Hervet had translated Erasmus' de immensa misericordia Dei (The Great Mercy of God) into English for her. He was first appointed a Privy Councilor and accompanied Wolsey to an important diplomatic mission to Europe. Henry and others were executed, though Geoffrey was not. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. Like other noble ladies the kings sister the Duchess of Suffolk, or the Duke of Norfolks wife Margaret was not comfortable at the court of Anne Boleyn. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. Margaret reminded Reginald what they all owed to the Tudors, and urged him to give up his enterprise, to take another way and serve the king: his renegade actions, she said, had plunged her into grief and fear, and trust me, Reginald, there never went the death of thy father or of any child so nigh my heart. Thomas Cromwell, who spied efficiently on the whole family, tried to have Reginald abducted or assassinated. But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. Pole, niece of both Edward IV and Richard III, was the only woman apart from Anne Boleyn to hold a peerage in her own right during the . He is an English lawyer, eventually promoted to Chancellor and assistant to the King after Wolsey 's death. The date of the marriage is uncertain; 1487 is likely. A tradition has grown up that George was drowned in a vat a malmsey, an expensive sweet wine. But he could not recognize the kings authority as head of the new church of England. Mores connection to Morton had earlier secured him admittance to Oxford, where he studied for two years, mastering Greek and Latin with an instinct of genius, and studying a wide variety of subjects, including music. Birth Year: 1478. And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1536, Pole sent Henry a treatise which not only opposed Henrys grounds for divorce that he had married his brothers wife and thus the marriage was invalid but also opposing Henrys more recent assertion of Royal Supremacy, power in the church in England above that of Rome. The countess was to look after the little girls health and diet, ensure that she did not wear herself out in learning French and Latin, and see that her immediate environment was kept spotless, so that everything about her be pure, sweet, clean and wholesome, as to so great a princess doth appertain. But not your principles. She would have been a widow when the portrait was painted, but she holds a sprig of honeysuckle, symbol of love and marriage. It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. That was what really cost her head in the end, but we wanted to . She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. Perhaps more than any other courtier of Henrys reign, More embodied the searching, troubled spirit of the early 16th century. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. He needed to convince the Spanish he was secure in his kingdom. The charge was treason. And when the English clergy were forced to acknowledge Henry as the supreme head of their church, More attempted to resign his office. Margarets later life, at least, is well documented, but we cannot approach her story from the inside. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. It took the inexperience executioner a grand total of 11 swings to finally sever her head at the neck . Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886. In some cases, they conspired against the crown while claiming, if it went badly, that their weak female brains had been addled by male influence, and that fragility and brittleness allowed their trust to be easily abused. His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. Her early years are obscure. On 14 November 1538, Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, was arrested. But no one could be sure they were dead, and not escaped abroad, or living under assumed names. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. The two men had first met in 1497 and remained close friends until Mores death. She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. If Margaret played any part in the downfall of Henrys second queen, her role was so far behind the scenes that it has left no trace. When Prince Arthur held court in Ludlow with the 15-year-old Catherine of Aragon, Richard Pole was with him, and a friendship began between the bride and the chamberlains wife which was to outlast Catherines life and have deep and lasting consequences for Margaret Pole. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. At this point, Reginald delivered him a nasty surprise, in the shape of a letter denouncing him as a schismatic, heretic and disgrace to Christendom: a Nero, a wild beast. He returned to Padua in 1532 and received a last English benefice in December of that same year. Those two could only get along for short while before things got heated. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 It was a small mercy. Reginald was present at the treaty negotiations. It was a housekeeping matter, the French ambassador said; Henry, now with his fifth wife, Katherine Howard, wanted to make a progress north, and to empty the Tower before he set off, either by acts of mercy or the condemnation of detainees. John More was a successful lawyer who was later knighted and made a judge of the Kings Bench; he was prosperous enough to send his son to Londons best school, St Anthonys at Threadneedle Street. Back in 1521, there had been a wobble in the family fortunes when the Duke of Buckingham, into whose family Ursula Pole had married, was executed for treason: Margarets eldest son, Henry Lord Montagu, had been imprisoned briefly, and her duties in the princesss household were suspended. It was not a bloodbath, but a selective cull, carried through by process of law. Thomas More worked hard for the king. After his death, and for centuries thereafter, Sir Thomas More was known as the most famous victim of Henry VIIIs tyranny. And so he was imprisoned in the Tower of London on 17 April 1534. When Henry imposed an oath which recognised him as head of the church in England, the countess and her household complied. His personal life remained placid and content. More's trial took place on 1 July. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. He collected books and rare objects, but he gave away his possessions freely as well. It was perfectly clear to any objective observer that the marriage was unlawful before God! The picture was cleaned in 1973, and study suggested that some original features have almost vanished. Thomas Cromwell producerade en tunika av typen 'Five Wounds of Christ', som pstods vara en symbol fr nskan att placera . He had several other livings, although he had not been ordained a priest. Margaret Pole had connections to all manner of visitor attractions, including Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Somerset, where she was born,and the Tower of London. Ultimately, they would both become martyrs of their faith (though this show is not likely . 83 ratings9 reviews. Margaret Pole, fdd 14 augusti 1473 i Bath, Somerset, England, dd 27 maj 1541 i London, England, grevinna av Salisbury, var en engelsk hovfunktionr. Margaret if it is she wears coral and ermine. ODNB, which argues that the restoration was a tacit admission of her brother's innocence; however, lands and titles had been restored to the heirs of guilty peers during the previous century. Mr Buxton has returned to live quietly in Cranford following . As Countess of Salisbury, Margaret managed her lands well and by 1538 she was the fifth richest peer in England. Margaret Plantagenet, the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and of his wife, Isabel Neville, was born on 14th August 1473 at Farleigh Castle, near Bath. As part of his 'Random Histo. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. In 1539 Henry VIII allowed (or ordered) Thomas Cromwell to throw Lady Salisbury into the . The two children were of use to him; their maternal family, the Nevilles, commanded allegiance in the north. This was on 16 May 1532, the date on which the archdiocese of Canterbury, as head of the English clergy, sent a document to Henry VIII in which is promised to never legislate or even convene without royal assent, thus making the king a lay person head of the spiritual order in England. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. Henrys adult opponents were dead or driven abroad. According to some stories, which are not accepted by many historians, she refused to lay her head on the block, and guards had to force her to kneel. But that was years in the future. It was children who caused him a problem. Her second son, Arthur Pole, had a generally successful career as a courtier, becoming one of the six Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. There is an apocryphal story that Morton predicted his bright and lively page would grow into a marvelous man. His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . European rulers keen to destabilise England had promoted the claims of this plausible, glamorous young man, but by the summer of 1498 he was in the Tower, about to embark on the last act of his mysterious life. Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. Even as he secretly wore a hair shirt, he openly and consistently fasted, prayed, and maintained a relatively modest household. "Sir Thomas More: Biography, Facts and Information" https://englishhistory.net/tudor/citizens/sir-thomas-more/, February 22, 2015, You are here: Home Tudor Citizens Sir Thomas More: Biography, Facts and Information, Copyright 1999-2023 All Rights Reserved.English HistoryOther Sites: Make A Website Hub, The Right to Display Public Domain Images, Author & Reference Information For Students, Sir Thomas More: Biography, Facts and Information, https://englishhistory.net/tudor/citizens/sir-thomas-more/, House Of Tudor Genealogy Chart & Family Tree, Mary, Queen of Scots: Biography, Facts, Portraits & Information, Catherine Howard: Facts, Biography, Portraits & Information, Queen Elizabeth I: Biography, Facts, Portraits & Information, Jane Seymour Facts, Biography, Information & Portraits, Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk and Princess Mary Tudor, Anne Boleyn Facts & Biography Of Information, Katherine Parr Facts, Information, Biography & Portraits, King Henry VIII Facts, Information, Biography & Portraits, Thomas Cromwell Facts & Biography Information, Mary Boleyn: Biography, Portrait, Facts & Information, Thomas Wolsey: Biography, Portrait, Facts & Information, Sir Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury (1563 1612). Quite the opposite. But Margaret herself was an ornament to Henry. After Richard was killed, Margaret came to court under the new regime, and in September 1486 she attended the christening of Arthur, the first Tudor prince. If, however, the subject lives a life of great extravagance, tell him he, too, can afford to give largely, the proof of his opulence being evident in his expenditure.. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. He had long felt a calling to the priesthood. Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. He then disappeared into his private closet, and after an hour, came out as cheerful as before. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 - 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York ), by his wife Isabel . Thomas More: A very brief history June 29, 2017; Henry VIII's Westminster Tournament 1511 June 5, 2017; A painting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: 'unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury'. His father was not supportive, but More was fully prepared to be disowned rather than disobey Gods will. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. The sons of Edward IV, 11 and 13 years old, had been held in the Tower by their uncle Richard III, and last been seen by Londoners in the summer of 1483. You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. Henry VIIIs later statements to the contrary, his marriage to Katharine began happily and continued so for some years. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. But Reginald stayed in Italy through the reign of Anne Boleyn supposedly preparing a learned statement on the kings case. As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. The main character is Joanna Stafford, a Dominican novice. Gaily agreeing that the chief female virtues are meekness and self-effacement, they managed estates, signed off accounts, bought wardships and brokered marriage settlements, all the while keeping up a steady output of needlework. True or not, the marriage proved to be happy and fruitful, though of brief duration. The next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed from that appointment, but later restored to it by 1525. During the reign of Edward IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought up at Sheen . We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. In 1539, Reginald was sent to the Emperor to organize an embargo against Englandthe sort of countermeasure he had himself warned Henry was possible.[14].

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