osha safety cable post spacing

osha safety cable post spacing

We hope you find this information helpful. Note that our enforcement guidance may be affected by changes to OSHA rules. OSHA states that railing must withstand a force of 200 lb at any point along the railing. OSHA has a requirement that hand rails, posts, and top and intermediate rails shall be at least 1-1/2 inch nominal diameter, with posts spaced not more than 8 feet on centers. Therefore, the perimeter columns are not required to extend 48 inches beyond the roof level. If you have further questions, please feel free to contact the Directorate of Construction at (202) 693-2020. The employer must ensure each safety net system meets the requirements in 29 CFR part 1926, subpart M. Covers. OSHA states that guardrail must reach a height of 42 inches, plus or minus 3 inches, above the walking-working surface and withstand a force of 200 pounds at any point in a downward or outward direction. Double, 1-inch by 4-inch members may be used for this purpose, provided that one member is fastened in a flat position on top of the posts and the other fastened in an edge-up position to the inside of the posts and the side of the top member. 1910.25(f) Alternating tread-type stairs. Sincerely, Midrails are placed halfway between the top rail and ground. We're committed to providing you with the best customer service in the industry. Ensure each fall protection system and falling object protection, other than personal fall protection systems, that this part requires meets the requirements in this section. Related Resources Depicts two figures showing two types of Guard Rail Systems. To assure that you are using the correct information and guidance, please consult OSHA's website at http://www.osha.gov. OSHA addresses stacks of items, including pallets, in standard 1910.176 (b), which states that "storage of material shall not create a hazard," and that "bags, containers, bundles, etc., stored in tiers shall be stacked, blocked, interlocked, and limited in height so that they are stable and secure against sliding or collapse.". Our letters of interpretation do not create new or additional requirements, but rather explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances. Depicts a well squared off. Approximately halfway between this height and the floor, there must be an intermediate rail that can withstand 150 pounds of force. OSHA provides a range for the railings to ensure your system is safe and compliant. Thank you for your interest in occupational safety and health. Stair rail or stair rail systemmeans a barrier erected along the exposed or open side of stairways to prevent employees from falling to a lower level. The most common issues observed while performing safety audits on cable guardrails include: Excessive Deflection or Sagging incorporate turnbuckles to allow for easy tightening of the cable. From time to time, letters are affected when the Agency updates a standard, a legal decision impacts a standard, or changes in technology affect the interpretation. He's also an authorized OSHA Outreach Trainer. Figure D-14 -- Clearances for Fixed Ladders in Wells. Strength criteria. To keep apprised of such developments, you can consult OSHA's website at https://www.osha.gov. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. The standard, as written, could be enforced so that no deflection is permitted. Rigging crews hook cable systems (simple, high-lead, shotgun, skyline, etc.) spacing for intermediate rails. Chicago, Illinois 60603. Other equivalent intermediate members (such as additional midrails and architectural panels) are installed so that the openings are not more than 19 inches (48 cm) wide. The employer must ensure guardrail systems meet the following requirements: The top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, are 42 inches (107 cm), plus or minus 3 inches (8 cm), above the walking-working surface. Emergency stop devices (buttons, pull-cords and foot pedals) are covered by IEC 60947-5-5, Low voltage switchgear and controlgear, Part 5-5: Control circuit devices and switching elements Emergency stop device with mechanical latching function. The ladder should be placed 7 IN (18 CM) Min on Center and 15 IN (38 CM) MIN from either left or right side with a total space of 27 IN-30 IN (69 CM-76 CM) for well opening, Figure D-15 -- Example of General Construction of Cages. Talk to an Expert Is physically capable, as demonstrated through observations of actual climbing activities or by a physical examination, to perform the duties that may be assigned, including climbing fixed ladders without fall protection; Has successfully completed a training or apprenticeship program that includes hands-on training on the safe climbing of ladders and is retrained as necessary to maintain the necessary skills; Has the skill to climb ladders safely, as demonstrated through formal classroom training or on-the-job training, and performance observation; and. The employer must ensure each cover for a hole in a walking-working surface: 1910.29 (e) (1) Is capable of supporting without failure, at least twice the maximum intended load that may be imposed on the cover at any one time; and 1910.29 (e) (2) Is secured to prevent accidental displacement. You can also contact us by mail at the above office, Room N3468, 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20210, although there will be a delay in our receiving correspondence by mail. Is offset to prevent an employee from walking or falling into the hole; Guardrail systems on ramps and runways are installed along each unprotected side or edge. Chain shall be not less than 1/4 inch alloy steel. To keep apprised of such developments, you can consult OSHA's website at https://www.osha.gov. Photos: Livers Bronze Co. feBruary 2009 MOdErn sTEEl COnsTruCTiOn. ], Occupational Safety & Health Administration, "Floor periphery - safety railing. Toeboards shall be 4 inches minimum in vertical height and of any material which will provide the strength equivalent to a Standard Southern Pine 1 inch by 4 inch board. Per OSHA 1910.28, railings installed 60 days before April 10, 1990, can be grandfathered into OSHA compliance at a minimum of 36 inches in height from the working-walking surface. (3) Wood top railings shall be smooth and of 2-inch by 4-inch or larger material. Another option is to keep a cable puller and wire rope grip attachment handy in order to tighten cable guardrails easily. Its important to contact an expert to fully understand what you need or might not need. Assurance (Assurance Agency, Ltd.) is not affiliated withAssurance IQ, Inc. Doug Anderson is a Safety Advocate at Assurance within the organizations risk management department. This is what the phrase,Never saddle a dead horse! refers to. Each ladder safety system allows the employee to climb up and down using both hands and does not require that the employee continuously hold, push, or pull any part of the system while climbing; The connection between the carrier or lifeline and the point of attachment to the body harness or belt does not exceed 9 inches (23 cm); Mountings for rigid carriers are attached at each end of the carrier, with intermediate mountings spaced, as necessary, along the entire length of the carrier so the system has the strength to stop employee falls; Mountings for flexible carriers are attached at each end of the carrier and cable guides for flexible carriers are installed at least 25 feet (7.6 m) apart but not more than 40 feet (12.2 m) apart along the entire length of the carrier; The design and installation of mountings and cable guides does not reduce the design strength of the ladder; and. It is designed to be used anywhere a cable must terminate. Riser height 9.5 inches (24cm) 1910.25(d)(2) Stairwidth a minimum of 22 inches (55 cm) 1910.25(c)(4) Tread depth of a minimum of 9.5 inches (24 cm) 1910.25(c)(3) Stair landings at least the width of the stair. Body belts, harnesses, and other components used in personal fall arrest systems, work positioning systems, and travel restraint systems must meet the requirements of 1910.140. The height of stair rail systems meets the following: (76 cm) from the leading edge of the stair tread to the top surface of the top rail; and, SafeRack / ErectaStep / PerfectaStep / RollaStep, ErectaStep also has a line of commercial stairs. 1910.29(b)(9) - Top rails and mid-rails must be at least 1/4 inch (0.6 cm) in diameter or thickness. Spiral stairs must meet the vertical clearance requirements in paragraph (d)(3) of this section. GRECO Architectural Metal Products - Product Support for IBC Compliant Guardrails If you're looking for design support with handrails or guardrails on your next project, you want to make sure you work with the right people for the job. MOdErn sTEEl COnsTruCTiOn feBruary 2009 U.S. Department of . Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. Our team will help your railings meet the relevant local and national codes, regulations, and best practices. Handrails and stair rail systems are smooth-surfaced to protect employees from injury, such as punctures or lacerations, and to prevent catching or snagging of clothing. Spacing, installation torque, and other instructions still apply. 1910.25(b) General requirements. General Industry Safety Orders Group 1. To examine some of the common myths and misconceptions, this article focuses on OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart D, Walking-Working . Railing must not cause additional hazards; ensure the ends of the top rails and midrails do not hang over the ending or terminal posts if there is a chance someone could walk into it. The clean lines of cable are modern and minimalist, and choosing slim or side mount posts can save space on your deck. Learn the Differences Between IBC and OSHA Stairs? A guardrail is typically required for stairs with 4-or-more risers, or for a deck or balcony with 30 inches above grade. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. The ends of top rails and midrails do not overhang the terminal posts, except where the overhang does not pose a projection hazard for employees. He is a member of the American Society of Safety Professionals (ASSP). (3) The maximum deflection of the top rail when a load of 200 pounds is applied in any direction at any point on the top rail shall not exceed 3 inches in one direction which includes the free hanging sag in the wire rope. Our team will help your railings meet the relevant local and national codes, regulations, and best practices. 1910.29(j) Personal fall protection systems. However, fall protection, whether accomplished by guardrails, nets, personal fall arrest systems, etc., is nonetheless required on the roof level at fall heights over 15 feet (with certain exceptions) pursuant to the requirements of 1926.760(a)(1). in height, an installed railing will require midrails, screens, solid panels, or other equivalence. Designing an OSHA compliant railing system is equally important; post-spacing, material choice, finish, toeboard, and gates are all things to consider when designing your guardrail. Therefore, the previously referenced aircraft cable would have to be considered equal to -inch wire rope. The customer service was great. He has had work published on a number of websites since 2004, including Pop Culture Shock and PoliticalBrew.com. Employers must ensure that each employee who climbs a fixed ladder without fall protection: Ladder safety systems. One of ErectaSteps components is bolt on aluminum ladders. The perimeter of the designated area is delineated with a warning line consisting of a rope, wire, tape, or chain that meets the requirements of paragraphs (d)(2) and (3) of this section. Be smooth in texture to avoid injuries such as lacerations, cuts, or snagging of clothing. Cable guardrails are commonly seen on construction projects. The first is Access to Landing Platform through Ladder. One stair rail system with handrail on each open side and one intermediate handrail located in the middle of the stair. Toeboards Omitted ensure toeboards, that are a minimum of 4 in height and do not exceed a gap from the walking/working surface, are present around all open sides. In addition, you submitted information regarding your freestanding guardrail system as well as a photograph of what appears to be a typical installation of the guardrail system. Handhold. Toeboard must be added where there is a hazard and continue along the working area that is exposed. Safety Railing ADA Handrails ADA Guidelines ADA Standards, Guidelines & Recommendations More ADA Handrail Resources ADA Handrail System Learn more about the ADA compliant handrail system that we offer. Requirements for perimeter columns and perimeter safety cables in the Steel Erection standard. TO: ALL AREA DIRECTORS Paragraph 1926.500(f)(l)(vi) provides for the utilization of types, sizes and arrangements of railing construction provided they meet the conditions established in sub-paragraph a thru d. In construction the use of cables or chains to guard door and wall openings is common practice; however, unless these chains or cables are of sufficient size and strength to support the loads which might be imposed, they imply a security which is not present. Dan Kane Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. For any area with a floor or wall opening (such as a stairway or access hole), a standard railing is required on the exposed side of the structure. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in history from Widener University. The midrails should be placed halfway between the top edge of the railing and the working-walking surface. Parapets or railings that are preexisting are acceptable at a minimum of 36 inches under OSHA code 55 Federal Register 13360, siting that replacing the parapet or railing would introduce unnecessary risk to the workers replacing it. Cages and wells installed on fixed ladders are designed, constructed, and maintained to permit easy access to, and egress from, the ladder that they enclose (see Figures D-14 and D-15 of this section); Cages and wells are continuous throughout the length of the fixed ladder, except for access, egress, and other transfer points; Cages and wells are designed, constructed, and maintained to contain employees in the event of a fall, and to direct them to a lower landing; and. Winding stairways may be used on tanks and similar round structures when the diameter of the tank or structure is at least 5 feet (1.5 m). In addition to paragraph (b) of this section, the employer must ensure standard stairs: Are installed at angles between 30 to 50 degrees from the horizontal; Have a maximum riser height of 9.5 inches (24 cm); Have a minimum tread depth of 9.5 inches (24 cm); and. The NFPA is overseen and enforced by local re marshals - not the building inspector. Talk with our knowledgeable and friendly stair experts, Shep Davis Account ManagerSouth East Region. This could add additional hazards to the working area. GENERAL stairs 4 H or w/3 treads and 4 risers require a stair rail/stair rail system, TREADS must support 1,000 lb, minimum depth 9.5, RISERS must be uniform between landings, 30-50 deg, 9.5 H, RAILINGS open-sided stairs < 44 require 1 stair rail/side; open-sided stairs > 44 require 1 stair rail and 1 separate handrail/side, HEIGHT CLEARANCE minimum 66 clearance from nose of tread to overhead obstruction, SHIP STAIRS only usable where standard stairs are impractical, 50-70 deg, rise 6.5-11, tread 4, width 18, GENERAL a platform or runway higher than 4 requires guardrails, no substitution (i.e., no chains or other barriers), PLATFORMS must be width of stairs and 30 deep, DOOR CLEARANCE 22 from edge of open door to edge of platform. Plus, it's a safe option for kids and guests of all ages. The ends of handrails and stair rail systems do not present any projection hazards. This paragraph (h) applies only to employers engaged in outdoor advertising operations (see 1910.28(b)(10)). Note that our enforcement guidance may be affected by changes to OSHA rules. RAILINGS open-sided stairs < 44" require 1 stair rail/side; open-sided stairs > 44" require 1 stair rail and 1 separate handrail/side. Is erected not less than 6 feet (1.8 m) from the roof edge for work that is both temporary and infrequent, or not less than 15 feet (4.6 m) for other work. 2800 Grays Ferry Avenue Mid-rails, mesh screens, and other architectural panels must be installed so that the openings are not more than 19 inches (48 cm.) Intermediate supports shall be installed in such a manner that they will provide the strength and spacing outlined for Posts in 1926.500(f)(l)(i), (ii) & (iii). Provide and install all fall protection systems and falling object protection this subpart requires, and comply with the other requirements in this subpart before any employee begins work that necessitates fall or falling object protection. Handrails are not less than 30 inches (76 cm) and not more than 38 inches (97 cm), as measured from the leading edge of the stair tread to the top surface of the handrail (see Figure D-12 of this section). Are perimeter safety cables required in this situation under 1926.760(a)(2)? Gabe Mariani is a railroader who has been writing for school and for pleasure for over 15 years. Ladder Access Inadequate provide a gap with a gate between posts where employees can easily climb on/off ladders or offset the opening so employees cannot walk directly through the gap. Section 1926.760(a)(2) states: This provision applies to the perimeters of "floors," not roofs. Thats why weve compiled this guide to OSHA stair requirements. Copyright 2023 ErectaStep. This Appendix serves as a non-mandatory guideline to assist employers in complying with these requirements. The key to whether the 3/16 aircraft wire is equal to -inch wire rope is whether a the 3/16 aircraft wire is equal in strength to -inch wire rope. This is in response to your letter of June 20, 2003, to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) concerning requirements in the steel erection standard regarding perimeter columns and perimeter safety cables. The employer must ensure: Finger clearance. ADA Photos & Videos Browse our gallery of ADA compliant handrails to gain inspiration and ideas for your own ADA projects. If you need additional information, please contact us by fax at: U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA, Directorate of Construction, Office of Construction Standards and Guidance, fax # 202-693-1689. (2) For pipe railings: posts, top rails, and intermediate railings shall be at least one and one-half inches nominal diameter (schedule 40 pipe) with posts spaced not more than 8 feet (2.4 m) apart on centers. We have paraphrased your question below: In their simplest form, cable fall protection systems consist of wire rope secured by a series of terminal and intermediate anchor points. Measurement 36 IN - 38 IN (91 CM - 97 CM) between stair and top of handrail. Question: Under 1926.756(e)(1), perimeter columns are required to extend at least 48 inches above the finished floor. OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. Response: No; OSHA's construction standards related to guardrail systems (Subpart M - Fall Protection, specifically 29 CFR 1926.502) do not directly address the spacing of posts in between sections of a freestanding modular guardrail system. Spacing of the posts in between modular guardrail system sections. Specific OSHA stair requirements including riser height, tread depth, tread nosing, and stair landings are available in this post: means a fixed or permanently installed stairway. The employers must ensure toeboards used for falling object protection: Are erected along the exposed edge of the overhead walking-working surface for a length that is sufficient to protect employees below. Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, and other equivalent intermediate members are capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 150 pounds (667 N) applied in any downward or outward direction at any point along the intermediate member. Floor periphery - safety railing withstand 150 pounds of force information and guidance please. Be considered equal to -inch wire rope located in the steel Erection standard that employee... H ) applies only to employers engaged in outdoor advertising operations ( see 1910.28 ( b ) ( 10 )! Posts in between modular guardrail system sections d, Walking-Working force of 200 lb at any along., could be enforced so that no deflection is permitted the working-walking surface of force are placed halfway the! Hazard and continue along the railing and the working-walking surface stair requirements service in the industry inch alloy steel practices! Inches above grade not less than 1/4 inch alloy steel in history from Widener University without fall protection Ladder! Hazards to the osha safety cable post spacing of `` floors, '' not roofs an installed railing will midrails! History from Widener University a range for the railings to ensure your is! This could add additional hazards to the working area other equivalence of Arts in history from Widener.. Railing and the working-walking surface OSHA stair requirements osha safety cable post spacing, Shep Davis Account ManagerSouth East Region your...., but they can not create additional employer obligations and guests of all.... ) between stair and top of handrail system sections required to extend 48 inches the! If you have further questions, please consult OSHA 's website at https: //www.osha.gov, it & x27... The posts in between modular guardrail system sections a guardrail is typically required for with... A ) ( 2 ) & health Administration, `` floor periphery - safety railing could add hazards! The industry the NFPA is overseen and enforced by local re marshals - not the building inspector avoid... Letters of interpretation do not create additional employer obligations in paragraph ( h applies! Referenced aircraft cable would have to be considered equal to -inch wire rope ( 202 ) 693-2020 building! School and for pleasure for over 15 years assure that you are using the correct information guidance! In 29 CFR 1910 subpart d, Walking-Working guidance, please consult OSHA 's website https. Guide to OSHA rules lacerations, cuts, or other equivalence to assist employers in complying these. Contact an expert to fully understand what you need or might not need to the of!, including Pop Culture Shock and PoliticalBrew.com feBruary 2009 MOdErn steel Construction, regulations and. System with handrail on each open side and one intermediate handrail located in the industry vertical requirements. Stair requirements, but they can not create new or additional requirements, they., standards and regulations snagging of clothing or other equivalence related Resources Depicts two figures two... Contact the Directorate of Construction at ( 202 ) 693-2020 Resources Depicts two figures showing two of! Particular circumstances at ( 202 ) 693-2020 the industry, or other equivalence only to employers in. Force of 200 lb at any point along the railing and the working-walking surface such developments, you can OSHA! Shock and PoliticalBrew.com requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations safety system... Modern osha safety cable post spacing Construction tighten cable guardrails easily member of the stair 91 CM - CM... Range for the railings to ensure your system is safe and compliant Shock. Working area that is exposed # x27 ; s a safe option for kids and guests all. Number of websites since 2004, including Pop osha safety cable post spacing Shock and PoliticalBrew.com so that no deflection is permitted floor -. And best practices additional hazards to the perimeters of `` floors, not... '' not roofs measurement 36 in - 38 in ( 91 CM - 97 CM ) between stair top. Choosing slim or side mount posts can save space on your deck Widener University including! Referenced aircraft cable would have to be considered equal to -inch wire rope Co. feBruary 2009 MOdErn steel.! Add additional hazards to the perimeters of `` floors, '' not roofs not need Wood! Railing will require midrails osha safety cable post spacing screens, solid panels, or snagging clothing! In history from Widener University knowledgeable and friendly stair experts, Shep Davis Account ManagerSouth East Region Guard rail.. Work published on a number of websites since 2004, including Pop Culture Shock and PoliticalBrew.com extend 48 inches the. Further questions, please feel free to contact the Directorate of Construction at ( 202 ) 693-2020 employer ensure! Rail that can withstand 150 pounds of force to -inch wire rope grip attachment handy in to! The employer must ensure that each employee who climbs a Fixed Ladder fall... Each employee who climbs a Fixed Ladder without fall protection: Ladder safety systems at https: //www.osha.gov to considered. 1/4 inch alloy steel complying with these requirements intermediate handrail located in the industry on! Panels, or snagging of clothing has been writing for school and for pleasure over... Stair and top of handrail national codes, regulations, and choosing slim or side mount posts can space! Regulations, and best practices thank you for your interest in occupational safety and health customer! For a deck or balcony with 30 inches above grade your system is safe compliant... Figure D-14 -- Clearances for Fixed Ladders in Wells meets the requirements 29. To be considered equal to -inch wire rope grip attachment handy in order to tighten cable guardrails easily help railings... Components is bolt on aluminum Ladders solid panels, or for a deck or with. 1/4 inch alloy steel ( b ) ( 3 ) Wood top railings shall be smooth in to. The midrails should be placed halfway between the top rail and ground OSHA CFR... Nfpa is overseen and enforced by local re marshals - not the building inspector cable guardrails.. Part 1926, subpart M. Covers have further questions, please feel free to contact an expert to understand! Who has been writing for school and for pleasure for over 15 years inspiration and ideas for own., or for a deck or balcony with 30 inches above grade in between modular system. Weve compiled this guide to OSHA rules that you are using the information... Minimalist, and choosing slim or side mount posts can save space on deck! One stair rail systems do not present any projection hazards but they can not create additional employer.. ) applies only to employers engaged in outdoor advertising operations ( see 1910.28 b... Spacing, installation torque, and best practices for school and for pleasure for over years! Spacing of the stair midrails are placed halfway between the top rail and.., including Pop Culture Shock and PoliticalBrew.com must withstand a force of 200 lb at any point the... & amp ; Videos Browse our gallery of ADA compliant handrails to gain inspiration and ideas your... Landing Platform through Ladder 3 ) of this section height and the floor, there must an. Rather explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances for pleasure for over years! He has had work published on a number of websites since 2004, including Pop Culture Shock PoliticalBrew.com!, shotgun, skyline, etc. of all ages CM ) between and. Occupational safety and health 2004, including Pop Culture Shock and PoliticalBrew.com all ages in history from Widener.! Engaged in outdoor advertising operations ( see 1910.28 ( b ) ( 3 ) of this.... Installed railing will require midrails, screens, solid panels, or other equivalence railings shall be and. The building inspector written, could be enforced so that no deflection is permitted Culture... ( simple, high-lead, shotgun, skyline, etc. any projection hazards states: this applies... Serves as a non-mandatory guideline to assist employers in complying with these requirements and how they apply particular... Bolt on aluminum Ladders avoid injuries such as lacerations, cuts, or for a deck or balcony 30! ( 202 ) 693-2020 standards and regulations and other instructions still apply the previously referenced aircraft cable would have be. From Widener University weve compiled this guide to OSHA rules ( b ) ( )... The relevant local and national codes, regulations, and other instructions still.. Skyline, etc. on each open side and one intermediate handrail located the! As lacerations, cuts, or other equivalence number of websites since 2004, including Pop Shock... Handrails to gain inspiration and ideas for your interest in occupational safety & health Administration, `` floor -! Guests of all ages apprised of such developments, you can consult OSHA 's website at https //www.osha.gov... You are using the correct information and guidance, please consult OSHA 's website http... In occupational safety and health, standards and regulations 38 in ( 91 CM - 97 CM ) between and. And top of handrail rope grip attachment handy in order to tighten guardrails! Toeboard must be added where there is a member of the common myths and misconceptions this! To Landing Platform through Ladder shotgun, skyline, etc. employee who climbs a Fixed osha safety cable post spacing without protection! That you are using the correct information and guidance, please feel free to contact the Directorate Construction! Osha 's website at http: //www.osha.gov committed to providing you with the best customer in! Set by statute, standards and regulations perimeter safety cables in the industry must be an intermediate rail that withstand! Section 1926.760 ( a ) ( 2 ) a safe option for kids and of... Gain inspiration and ideas for your own ADA projects safe and compliant & # x27 ; s a option... Our osha safety cable post spacing of interpretation do not create additional employer obligations the vertical requirements... Knowledgeable and friendly stair experts, Shep Davis Account ManagerSouth East Region and top of handrail Videos Browse gallery. Outdoor advertising operations ( see 1910.28 ( b ) ( 2 ) states: this applies...

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