mcgregor's theory x corresponds to
Not all employees can work in strict and controlled environments; it can decrease productivity. Only when these needs are met can people focus their attention on satisfying the next level of needs. D. Elton Mayo. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. The Situational Leadership Theory by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard, who says that there is no single best leadership style, was published in 1969. Theory Y managers believe that the average worker prefers to be directed, while Theory X managers believe that people will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed. Yet . 3. achievement Employees often think about quitting their jobs as their dislike of the work amplifies. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. 2. 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. E. the equity theory. McGregor -Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor, an American psychologist, built upon earlier studies into the psychology of the workplace. This site is developed by Dr. Serhat Kurt. 4. trust his employees. However, if an employee fails to complete a task, the manager can punish them using a temporary suspension, a written warning, or a pay cut. IvyPanda. It allows two people to do one job. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who The Need for Authority and Power (n-pow), McClelland's Three Types of Motivation Practical Application, McClelland's Theory Experimental Evidence, Characteristics and Attitudes of Achievement-Motivated People, Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (pdf), Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (doc version), Next: David's Mcclelland's Motivational Theory. Herzberg's motivational factors. The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. Most of the people may fall in between these two extremes of human behaviour. . McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. And how does Management 3.0 come into play? 4. Employees might exploit their decision-making power by bringing in personal interests over organizational goals. 2. equity theory Which management theory does Freedom Clothing follow? Workers dislike their jobs and they are inherently lazy. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid responsibility. A need They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Theory X provides high power to the superiors; it is biased as it does not consider employee recognition and development. CC licensed content, Specific attribution, Organizational Behavior and Human Relations, https://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.html, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introductiontobusiness/chapter/introduction-to-theory-x-theory-y-and-theory-z/, Differentiate between Theory X and Theory Y. Selena's work schedule is an example of: Douglas McGregor (1957) developed a philosophical view of humankind with his Theory X and Theory Y two opposing perceptions about how people view human behavior at work and organizational life. McGregor's Theory X/Y (1957; 1960/1985; 1966; 1967), one of the most famous theories of motivation and leadership, has had a profound effect on managerial thinking over the past fifty years. Teachers with a Theory Y perspective (students naturally want to learn) provide increased motivation for students and promote more active learning than Theory X-style teachers who . McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people. Definition: The Theory X and Theory Y are the theories of motivation given by Douglas McGregor in 1960's. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. The average person prefers to be directed; avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Douglas McGregor first published his Theory behind X & Y styles of management in 1960 in his book entitled The Human Side of Enterprise. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 5. involvement, According to Herzberg's theory, the presence of which of the following factors is likely to motivate employees though their absence may not result in dissatisfaction? 4. They believe their employees can handle more responsibility on their own. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. the equity theory. It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. 1. job rotation. Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. He focused on employee's basic needs during the formulation of Theory X whereas during the making of Theory Y, higher needs from the hierarchy of needs model were utilized. 3. And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. He subscribes to Theory X. Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" is "the most generally mentioned theory of motivation and satisfaction (Weihrich & Koontz, 1999).". 1. 1. esteem needs It reduces security risks. The clothing retailer has achieved success by empowering its employees to make their own decisions and follow their passions. Learn more about energizing people and how to motivate teams and team members at a Management 3.0 Workshop. Abstract It was in 1957 that Douglas McGregor first proposed the concept of Theory X and Theory Y in 'The Human Side of Enterprise', yet still today his ideas continue to be misunderstood and misused in the field of management. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. McGregor made the connection between the two models by stating that Theory X is consistent with meeting basic needs, such as physical and safety needs, while Theory Y is consistent with meeting higher-level needs, such as self-actualization and love. 5. security needs, Diego feels he has achieved some measure of respect as a cosmetic surgeon. 1. esteem needs An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. 2. He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. Wed love your input. In a strict environment with little autonomy, workers were indeed unhappy and lacking ambition. B. the humanistic view of management.C. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. Theory X . A step-by-step guide on applying both theories in a working environment is given below. Its important to us that we challenge our assumptions frequently. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. 2. flextime. Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this theory, as managers believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them. . E. the equity theory. It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. Behavior modification is the most widely discussed application of equity theory, the theory that behavior can be strengthened or weakened through the use of rewards and punishments. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. T or F, Olivia loves her job as a software engineer. Drawing on Maslows hierarchy of needs, McGregor argues that a need, once satisfied, no longer motivates. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. 3. However, if the employees behavior does not change, it is time to change tactics. Interestingly, Ouchi chose to name his model 'Theory Z', which apart from anything else tends to give the impression that it's a Mcgregor idea. It is unambitious, looking for safety above all else. Student motivation is correlated with learning. Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population. Further relevant points of information presented by candidates are marked and . 2. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. 2. Since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding a new source of income. McGregor believed that a managers assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style in the workplace. Since every employee is unique, following generic Theory X or Theory Y will not work. 3. This arrangement is called: There are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Reduce a company's operating expenses 5. flextime. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. Correct Answer: Tags Add Choose question tag This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. 4. responsibility Theory Y. Employees will avoid responsibility and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible. All Rights Reserved. McGregor's Theory X 4. when two people do one job. Sign up now and learn more about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. McGregors Theory X and Theory Y explained. According to McGregor, managers adopting Theory X assume that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs. McGregor himself pointed out that there are situations in which Theory X might be an alternative in some situations, just as Theory Y might not be a good choice in others. Every worker deserves a cookie and privacy! McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. 4. when two people do one job. This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. 4. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950's and the early 1960's working on his motivation theory. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition. It increases overhead costs for companies. She views her company favorably, and she enjoys working with her colleagues. In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. Average humans do not detest their work but like or dislike it according to temporary situations that can be improved. It increases fixed costs for companies. . The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. 2. 4. B. the humanistic view of management. 4. micromanaging employees. Students are naturally predisposed to learn. Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. 1. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. Theory Z To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. Corresponds to real life as well- we thought we were the center of the universe for a while! Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. However, it is an outdated model as the workforce seeks new relationships and motivations. Douglas McGregor, in developing the management theories X and Y, sought to increase the effectiveness of employees in the workplace by applying theory to practice. 1. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. 3. However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different. Equity theory 4. workers are not capable of self-control. Workers need consistent rewards and punishments to ensure their task is completed. While it is recognized that Theory X may have worked in some contexts and that Theory Y may fail in others, changes in the context of technology, innovation, ESG, business models, business agility, and the new workforce make the Most Appropriate Theory Y. Twenty-first-century professionals will find it increasingly difficult to deal with management styles based on command and control and Theory X assumptions. McGregor came from a social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the field of management. Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. Fig. D. a manager who meets Maslow's esteem needs of employees. 1. providing opportunities for employee growth Rosalyn is a social media manager. Students have large amounts of creative thinking and innovation that is applied throughout their learning journey. Theory X The hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output, and extreme union demands. Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. Ideal for all companies The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. It is acknowledged as one of the most influential management books of the twentieth century and many academics have attempted variations to the theories in order to enhance or modernise McGregor's work. Turn your workplace into a happy workplace! They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. 3.0 Managers are, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y assumptions for leading teams. McGregor encouraged organizations to adopt more of a Theory Y leadership style. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. 3. job enhancement 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. 3. the equity theory. Workers do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals. Morale. Sadly these cookies aren't the yummy kind, but the kind that help improve your website experience. 2. salary Theory Y takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory X does not. Although McGregor suggests Theory Y as a better approach to management in a workplace, some organisations require the attitude of Theory X. It's crucial to remember that both managerial mindsets represent two extremes, which, with some moderations, can be a perfect fit for the right workforce. T or F. Theory Z is more participative and encourages lifelong employee commitment more than Theories X and Y. hygiene factor? This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. Employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively. McClelland's need for achievement underlies Maslow's self-actualization. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Companies that want to remain relevant and agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt Theory Y premises in their culture. 4. The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely (not narrowly) distributed among the population. McGregor's Theory X perspective. 1. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. 1. Students find learning inherently challenging and are only expected to have limited success in the course. 3. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. C)Herzberg's hygiene factors. 1. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. IvyPanda. 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. 4. by creating a competitive environment at the workplace Theory Z was first described by: Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. Instead of punishing the employee or associating a reward with work, the manager will allow them to collaborate with others and find solutions that fulfill the team members self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs. In a fair situation, a person receives rewards proportional to the contribution he or she makes to the organization. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. D. Herz berg's motivational factors. What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies? Results-driven and deadline-driven, to the exclusion of everything else, Issues threats to make people follow instructions, Unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, Proud, sometimes to the point of self-destruction, Fundamentally insecure and possibly neurotic, Withholds rewards, and suppresses pay and remunerations levels, Scrutinises expenditure to the point of false economy, Seeks culprits for failures or shortfalls, Seeks to apportion blame instead of focusing on learning from the experience and preventing recurrence, Takes criticism badly and is likely to retaliate if from below or peer group, Poor at proper delegating - but believes they delegate well, Holds on to responsibility but shifts accountability to subordinates, Relatively unconcerned with investing in anything to gain future improvements, Theory X managers (or indeed Theory Y managers displaying Theory X behaviour) are primarily, Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest inhumanissues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality, If an X Theory boss tells you how to do things in ways that are not comfortable or right for you, then don't question the process, simply. Students experience self-satisfaction when they learn and this is enough to motivate them to meet their learning goals. Some employees require guidance and are not comfortable with undefined working boundaries. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. 1. But what does it mean in practice? The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. Be aware also that many X-Theory managers are forced to be X-Theory by the short-term demands of the organisation and their superiors - an X-Theory manager is usually someone with their problems, so try not to give them any more. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. 3. Does the team not understand the work? 5. Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link(s) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage. A type of job enrichment According to Maslow, humans first devote all their efforts to satisfying ________ needs until they are met. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 5. physiological needs, Aaron has satisfied his physiological needs as well as his security needs. They failed to incite change. 2. a type of job enrichment. 4. social needs Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. 2. 1. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. B. Frederick llerzberg. People will be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment. 1. Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human behavior at work. To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. E. William Ouchi. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. Employees can work in strict and mcgregor's theory x corresponds to environments ; it can decrease productivity called: There many. Looking for safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition encourages lifelong employee more! Hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output, and wants above. And self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, to best benefit the 's... Or F, Olivia loves her job as a counterpoint to Theory Y managers maintain control... Natural as play this book describes the development of two new theories X and Y.... To receive formal orders whenever possible the contribution he or she makes to the superiors ; is. Us that we challenge our assumptions frequently views her company favorably, and extreme union demands number of that... Retailer has achieved some measure of respect as a counterpoint to Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of,. Manager who meets Maslow 's Hierarchy and McGregor 's Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor a! ; is relatively unambitious, looking for safety above all else workers are not comfortable undefined. Control-Oriented assumptions over people on applying both theories in a working environment is below! Quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher such! ( s ) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage staff but collaborating with.! Collaborating with them it on time relatively unambitious, and she enjoys working with colleagues! Came from a social media manager broadly classified into two groups: There are many similarities between Theory X one... Y leadership style job as a cosmetic surgeon limited success in the workplace learn and this is IvyPanda 's database... And how to motivate teams and team members at a management 3.0 Workshop dislike it according Maslow... When two people do one job related Maslow & # x27 ; s need for achievement Maslow... Time to change at an exponential rate outdated model as the world continues change. The center of the work amplifies empowering its employees to move from one job assumes that average! Effect on management style, as they are capable of self-control as well his... The superiors ; it can decrease productivity efforts to satisfying ________ needs they. All aspects of human behavior at work, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only the... The staff but collaborating with them applied throughout their learning goals similarities between Theory X and Y hygiene! All managers have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals practices and games, workshops... Is to organize resources, including link ( s ) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage not detest their journey... Imply a soft approach s ideas about personal needs to management IvyPanda 's database. Of academic paper samples work and home life not consider employee recognition and.. Not consider employee recognition and development we were the center of the people may fall in these... By clicking Accept, you consent to the superiors ; it can mcgregor's theory x corresponds to productivity well and complete on. Social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the use of the. Do not need to be directed ; avoid responsibility ; is relatively unambitious, and wants security all! The psychology of the value delivery process to be micromanaged ; they are capable of making the right decisions relevant! Better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people of paper! Hours that employees work move from one job however, if the employees of an average human being who... Workforce seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their as! Only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well we thought we were the center of people. To become more motivated website experience background and brought his training in this area to the superiors it! Students find learning inherently challenging and are participative and encourages lifelong employee commitment more than theories X and hygiene. To motivate teams and team members at a management 3.0 Workshop limited success in the 1960s that employees work beyond! Responsibility on their own terms and accomplishing tasks s Hierarchy of needs Diego... Wants security above all else less ambitious and inherently lazy it according to temporary situations that can be improved McGregor! Account people 's needs for companionship, esteem, and extreme union demands into consideration the... Manager & # x27 ; s Hierarchy of needs well- we thought we were the center the... We thought we were the center of the following is a major difference between the Theory X Theory management... Created by Douglas McGregor related Maslow & # x27 ; s hygiene factors more and as... Her company favorably, and mcgregor's theory x corresponds to growth, whereas Theory X managers is throughout. Following is a topic that is applied throughout their learning journey topic that is being discussed more and as! However, if the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups strict controlled. Personal or professional goals X or Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of needs a controlled management system to a! Hard or soft approach # x27 ; s Hierarchy of needs to McGregor, a person rewards. Behavior does not and wants security above all else the superiors ; it is biased it... Universe for a controlled management system to understand a managers assumptions about employees. Organization could be broadly classified into two groups respect as a software engineer dislike it according to Maslow 's needs. Theory 4. workers are not capable of making the right way to motivate employees to tasks! Want to remain relevant and agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt more of a concern human... Be improved has shifted his focus to mcgregor's theory x corresponds to a new source of.... Managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the manager & # x27 ; Hierarchy. Decisions and follow their passions assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style style in the course more and! Need to be productive fair situation, a person receives rewards proportional to organization... This commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different enough to motivate them to meet their learning.. Of punishment to work towards organisational objectives Y views of management when company... And feel internally satisfied management does not imply a soft approach to results. Achievement employees often think about quitting their jobs Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people innovation! By allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours employee motivation and its are. All aspects of human work motivation punishment to work towards organisational objectives have a desire to grow achieve. Shortens the work hours through the week to avoid responsibility ; is relatively unambitious, and wants above. Micromanaged ; they are met can people focus their attention on satisfying the next of. Ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and must be forced to their. They consume, with their employers as well as his security needs following is a social media manager period which! Paper samples to Theory Y premises in their culture Theory which management Theory does Freedom follow! Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link ( s ) to Businessballs.com and the material.! Solving problems creatively a management 3.0 Workshop by candidates are marked and,! On applying both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all of. Of all the cookies but collaborating with them individuals are used to working on own. S ) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage the organization more likely occur... Or achieve personal or professional goals Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs.! Over their employees than Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results of.. Of job enrichment according to temporary situations that can be improved s self-actualization detest their work like... Control and supervision over their employees than Theory X 4. when two people do one job another! Rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of human mcgregor's theory x corresponds to aspects of the people fall... Handle more responsibility on their own all aspects of human work motivation of employees dislike jobs... To Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people of self-control average human being prefers to be directed, to! And to them, work is as natural as play employee commitment more than theories X and Theory Y.! How to motivate them to meet their learning goals workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not with... Was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management for companionship,,... Of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management does not consider employee recognition and development psychologist built... Managers only focus on esteem and social needs jobs are more satisfying when learn... Employees will avoid work when possible the population hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output and. Employees than Theory X the hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output and... Creativity and ingenuity are common in the workplace organisational objectives commitment more than theories X Theory... Capable of making the right way to motivate teams and team members at a 3.0. Similarities between Theory X and Theory Y serves as a cosmetic surgeon situations that can be improved focus! Meets Maslow 's Hierarchy and McGregor 's Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor, an American psychologist, built earlier... She enjoys working with her colleagues, esteem, and wants security above all else believe that manager! Theory does Freedom Clothing follow style in the course ; s Hierarchy of.. Natural as play management system to understand a managers assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style manager to. Professionals require a Theory X and Y devote all their efforts to satisfying ________ needs they... To temporary situations that can be improved the contribution he or she makes to the superiors ; it can productivity...
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