comet bernardinelli bernstein hit earth

comet bernardinelli bernstein hit earth

65 million years ago, an asteroid strike caused the 5th great mass extinction. If such an object were to strike Earth, the energy imparted to our planet would be thousands to ten thousand times as energetic as the K-Pg impactor that occurred 65 million years ago. Therefore, the inbound and outbound orbits should be computed before entering the planetary region and after leaving the planetary region. are in relatively close proximity to our Solar Systems greatest gravitational perturber, Jupiter. A series of smaller impacts would still be bad, both for humans and all creatures on Earth, but it would lead to a much less risky set of outcomes for Earths oceans and atmosphere. A MEGA-COMET that's 120 miles long is the largest ever discovered in our Solar System. window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotOnload', function(event) { The comet was found to be one magnitude brighter than predicted in their observations, with a slightly asymmetric coma up to 15 arcseconds in width. This event would be thousands to perhaps even ten thousand times as energetic as the asteroid strike that occurred 65 million years ago, and that impact left a crater some 200 kilometers across. A launch within the latter window could utilize an Earth flyby to Jupiter after completing a 1:1 Earth resonant orbit, which would significantly reduce the characteristic energy at Earth launch and allow for target arrival above the ecliptic. As a reference point, the object that struck the Earth 65 million years ago, causing what we historically know as the fifth great mass extinction, was almost certainly an asteroid and not a comet. While Comet BernardinelliBernstein, the most massive comet ever discovered, isnt going to hit Earth on this current pass through the Solar System, the far future is anyones guess. Monster comet falling toward the sun is bigger than a Martian moon Also known as Comet C/2014 UN271, the comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein is set to get brighter in the coming years as it. media-tech companies with hubs around the world. Here's what it could do to Earth. Comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein is currently 1.8 billion miles from the sun. Astronomers believe it originated from the Oort Cloud, a very distant region of space thought to be like a bubble enveloping our solar system made up of trillions of pieces of icy space debris. } Intimidatingly described by one researcher as big and blacker than coal, the comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein (C/2014 UN271) has spent the past million years hurtling 22,000 miles per hour towards the center of our solar system and is expected to reach just short of Saturns orbit by 2031. Our Solar Systems outer reaches, and whats in them, was predicted long before the first Oort Cloud object was ever discovered. Even though they have a large nucleus, comets such as, The planets have eccentric orbits, so heliocentric distances, While a loosely bound long-period comet such as, Category:C/2014 UN271 (BernardinelliBernstein), List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion, "MPEC 2021-M83: COMET C/2014 UN271 (BernardinelliBernstein)", "Giant Comet Found in Outer Solar System by Dark Energy Survey", "C/2014 UN271 (BernardinelliBernstein): The Nearly Spherical Cow of Comets", "JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris for 2014 UN271 at epoch 1600 and 2500", "Perihelion in January 2031 (1 minute interval)", "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/2014 UN271 (BernardinelliBernstein)", "Diameter and rotational period of Comet C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein)", "Hubble Space Telescope Detection of the Nucleus of Comet C/2014 UN271 (BernardinelliBernstein)", "Size and albedo of the largest detected Oort-cloud object: comet C/2014 UN271 (BernardinelliBernstein)", "Illustration of Comet BernardinelliBernstein", "A search of the full six years of the Dark Energy Survey for outer Solar System objects", "Huge Oort Cloud object has been spotted entering the solar system", "Distance from Sun from 2010 to 2023 (1 month interval)", "New- And Old-Style Minor Planet Designations", "Newly discovered object 2014 UN271 observed as active at 20.18 au", "Comet C/2014 UN271 (BernardinelliBernstein) exhibited activity at 23.8 au", "Early Activity in Comet C/2014 UN271 BernardinelliBernstein as Observed by TESS", "A Remarkable Inbound Long-Period Comet at Record Heliocentric Distances", "Determining the coma contents of the incoming Oort Cloud comet C/2014 UN271", "Apparent Outburst of Comet C/2014 UN271 (BernardinelliBernstein)", "Occultation by the Big Comet C/2014 UN271 from the Oort Cloud predicted for Sun 19th September at 2:45am AEST Sydney time", "The 'megacomet' BernardinelliBernstein is the find of a decade. eventCategory: event.slot.getSlotElementId(), It's reckoned that this. [44][21] In 2021, Bernardinelli and collaborators from the DES analyzed various ground-based telescope datasets from 2018 and earlier, finding an apparent nucleus variability of 0.2 magnitudes, but no periodicity due to sparse data. It is therefore up to artists to create their own ideas of what the comet's surface might look like, based on the scientific information we have about it. eventAction: 'click_image_ads' Observations made using the Las Cumbres Observatory network of telescopes around the globe helped confirm the status of the active comet. The icy rock is traveling "under" us, meaning it's coming from below Earth's orbit around the sun. At that distance temperatures are only about minus 348 degrees Fahrenheit. [10], The rotation period of 2014 UN271's nucleus is disputed, as some studies found no significant rotational periodicity in its light curve. The colossal cometwas first observed in 2014 during a study of archival data taken from the Dark Energy Survey, an international collaborative project that usesthe Victor M. Blanco Telescope in Chile to map out the cosmos. Continuous observations by TESS in 2018 and 2020 did not detect any periodicity, placing an upper limit of 0.3 magnitudes for the nucleus's amplitude of variability. The comet was spotted with the Hubble Space Telescope. eventAction: 'click_adunit' eventAction: 'click_ads' C/2014 UN271's coma brightness has been growing exponentially since 2017, while the comet's overall brightness had remained steady in 20142018, hinting that activity may have well begun prior to the comet's discovery at 29.0AU. Scientists predictthis trajectory will take the icy rock from its current point just past Neptune's orbit to near Saturn's orbit in 2031, which will be the closest it gets to Earth. Yes, the Earth would be covered in a pall of ash that blocked out the Sun, possibly for months at a time, and much of life on Earth would go extinct due to the lack of sunlight. Our planet was hit by a meteorite about six miles wide at that time the blast wave from the collision went around the earth several times. You might think thats impressive, and sure, in some ways, it very much is. {notificationOpen=false}, 2000);" x-data="{notificationOpen: false, notificationTimeout: undefined, notificationText: ''}">. During their work, the astronomers traced 32 detections to one object. Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener('impressionViewable', function(event) { If that is true, that is great news, because it appears that this is the biggest comet ever discovered. And it's no threat to Earth. Since then, astronomers have observed the comet with ground and space-based . But then the others were clear enough and gosh: there it was, definitely a beautiful little fuzzy dot, not at all crisp like its neighbouring stars! said Michele Bannister, astronomer at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, in a statement. Bernardinelli and Bernstein used algorithms at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to identify trans-Neptunian objects. This image shows an artist's impression of what the surface of the 2I/Borisov comet might look like. This image of comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein was taken in 2017, when the comet was 25 times the Earth-Sun distance away. Whatever wasnt either boiled off by the Sun or locked up into the planetary, lunar, asteroidal, or Kuiper belt objects we have today remained in a spheroidal cloud, anywhere from a thousand times the Earth-Sun distance to one or two light-years away. eventAction: 'view' This is not the first time this particular comet will pass our solar system. The implications are that if the comets nucleus were broken up far enough in advance a very real possibility its possible that a majority of the mass of this object could miss the Earth entirely. Earth, as well as all planets and moons with rocky surfaces, has experienced a large number of collisions from objects of extraterrestrial origin. Jupiter might absorb most of the asteroid and comet strikes in the Solar System, but it also results in a net increase in the number of Earth impact that occur by about 350%. READ MOREWhat is the Quadrantid meteor shower? [3][21] As of 2022[update], C/2014 UN271 holds the record for the greatest distance at which a comet has been discovered in the Solar System. It'll swing. This illustration shows Comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein as it might look in the outer Solar System. [14][15] When first imaged by the DES, the object was located in the southern constellation Sculptor, inside the orbit of Neptune at a distance of 29.0AU (4.3billionkm; 2.7billionmi) from the Sun. It is approaching the Sun and will reach its perihelion of 10.9AU (just outside of Saturn's orbit) in January 2031. Video: Meteor, meteorite, asteroid, comet: What's the difference? From Alcor to Zappafrank: How the stars and other celestial objects got their names. C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein) is a comet incoming from the Oort cloud which is remarkable in having the brightest (and presumably largest) nucleus of any well-measured comet, and having been discovered at heliocentric distance au farther than any Oort-cloud member. ga('ads.send', { Regardless of whether this occurs or not, a future of: will put any living thing that survives the initial impact (and associated fireball) at risk of total extinction. }); eventCategory: event.slot.getSlotElementId(), His writing has appeared in The Washington Post, Reader's Digest, CBS.com, the Richard Dawkins Foundation website and other outlets. Scientists believe it holds clues to the mysterious region of space far beyond Pluto, some 4.6 trillion miles from the sun. hitType: 'event', If a comet the size of Comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein were to hit land somewhere on Earth, it would probably be . For epoch 2500-Jan-01 orbit period is "PR = 1.66E+09 / 365.25 days" = ~4.54 million years. Thanks for contacting us. This story has been shared 117,894 times. Technically, Comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein has always been in our solar system. 2. Oort Cloud comet C/2014 UN271, also known as Comet Bernardinelli . The gigantic icy object is the most distant comet ever found and will be visible from Earth in 2031, according to new research. [46] It will cross the ecliptic plane on 8 August 2033 when it is outbound 12.0AU from the Sun. }); Comets can be beautiful to watch with their sparkling tail whizzing past the sky. on Twitter, Share What happens if the Solar Systems largest comet collides with Earth? The Bernardinelli-Bernstein comet was first detected seven years ago and is thought to be up to 100 miles wide - nearly 12 times the size of Mount Everest. Did you encounter any technical issues? And remember: kinetic energy depends on the velocity squared, so three times the speed means nine times the energy. It is now thought that our Moon was formed by an early collision with Earth that created such a phenomenon, something that science is still revealing the details of today. Comet Swift-Tuttle (formally designated 109P/Swift-Tuttle) is a large periodic comet with a 1995 orbital period of 133 years that is in a 1:11 orbital resonance with Jupiter.It fits the classical definition of a Halley-type comet, which has an orbital period between 20 and 200 years. We are one of the worlds fastest growing While telescopes on Earth and in space captured images of this comet, we don't have any close-up observations of 2I/Borisov. What will happen when a black hole hits Earth? It may make the voyage once again in another 5 million years, Bernstein said. The large comet has likely always been in our solar system, as scientists believe it originated from a distant part of the solar system known as the Oort Cloud. It is barreling . This massive comet isn't likely to hit with Earth, but it's on its way to the inner solar system and will travel past the Sun in 2031. It's now less than two billion miles from our sun. This is also the most distant comet to be discovered on its inbound journey, which will provide scientists a chance to observe and study it for years to come. Plants are very sensitive to touch, with research showing that touching a plant can change its genome and launch a cascade of plant hormones. There are three major concerns whenever an object is going to impact the Earth in terms of the damage it will do. The largest comet ever discovered in the history of our Solar System is Bernardinelli-Bernstein (labeled C/2014 UN271), which originated from the Oort cloud. Here's the discovery explained", "Extremely eccentric minor planet to visit inner solar system this decade", "Giant Oort Cloud Comet Lights Up in the Outer Solar System", "Mega Comet Arriving From the Oort Cloud Is 85 Miles Wide", "A Newly-Discovered (Almost) Dwarf Planet Will Come Surprisingly Close in 2031", "The mutual orbit, mass, and density of transneptunian binary Gknhmdm (, "Astronomers Thrill at Giant Comet Flying into Our Solar System", "Hubble Confirms Largest Comet Nucleus Ever Seen", "Hubble Telescope Zooms In on the Biggest Comet Ever Spotted", "No Rotational Variability in C/2014 UN271 (BernardinelliBernstein) at 23.8 au and 21.1 au as Seen by TESS", "Closest Approach to Earth in 2031 (3 hour interval)", "Ecliptic crossing in August 2033 (1 hour interval)", "The influence of individual stars on the long-term dynamics of comets C/2014 UN271 and C/2017 K2", "Origin and Evolution of Long-period Comets", "There's understandably a _lot_ of excitement about the newly-discovered, apparently huge comet, 2014 UN271. This unusual comet will make its closest approach to our sun in 2031, but youll likely need a large amateur telescope to see it. The team announced the discovery in June. MEAWW is an initialism for Media Entertainment Arts WorldWide. [10][30][j] The only known comet larger than C/2014 UN271 is the active centaur 95P/Chiron, which has a diameter of approximately 215km (134mi). By 2014, it was 2.7 billion miles away from the sun. The European Space Agency's upcoming Comet Interceptor mission, which will launch in 2029 and make a flyby of a long-period comet within Earth's orbit, will not be able to reach C/2014 UN271 due to its large perihelion distance. }); Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). }); [10], Media outlets have dubbed C/2014 UN271 a "mega-comet",[30][37] with some even purporting it to be a possible dwarf planet. Many people are asking whether our mission could reach it. This behemoth spans 80 miles across and weighs approximately 500 trillion tons, making it the most enormous known comet in existence. At a size of 100 kilometers, this comet is ten times the one that exterminated the dinosaurs on Earth. After reaching its perihelion point, the comet will head back to the Oort cloud, in a journey that could take hundreds of thousands and possibly even millions of years. On the road again? "Most comets are around 10 kilometers across and would fit between the Penn campus and the Philadelphia airport. }); ga('create', 'UA-67136960-15', 'auto', 'ads'); If comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein remained intact, as a solid object, it would completely break and rearrange the crust everywhere across Earths surface, similar to what many theorize occurred on the surface of Mars when its original, large, third inner moon fell back onto the red planet, creating the wacky Martian topography we see today. From life on Earth to the planet itself, there are four ways our planet will actually experience the end, no matter how we define it. [3][21], Reexamination of other telescope datasets have also identified a diffuse and distinctly asymmetric coma in DES images beginning from 2017 (at 25.1AU) and Pan-STARRS 1 images beginning from 2019 (at 22.6AU). It is far larger than the . USA TODAY has reached out to the posters for comment. Notifications can be turned off anytime from browser settings. Considering the way it lit up telescopes even then researchers knew it was big, but a new study has revealed a clearer picture of just how enormous Bernardinelli-Bernstein really is, thanks to images provided by NASAs Hubble Space Telescope and the ALMA telescope in Chile. Note the much lower elevation of the northern hemisphere compared to the southern, thought to arise from the fallback of a third, large, former Martian moon. 2023 Cable News Network. Based on the amount of sunlight it reflects, the comet is estimated to 100-200 kilometers across, or about 10 times the diameter, and 1,000 times the . almost certainly an asteroid and not a comet, with a diameter estimated to be 119 kilometers (about 74 miles), indicated a diameter that was actually slightly greater. [3], Cometary activity in 2014 UN271 was first reported on 22 June 2021, by Tim Lister at Las Cumbres Observatory's telescope in Sutherland, South Africa and by Luca Buzzi at the SkyGems Remote Telescope in Namibia. [49], As of 2022[update] there are no mission proposals to C/2014 UN271, nor are there any upcoming missions that can be retargeted to the comet. But every once in a while, a chance gravitational encounter will perturb the orbit of a particular object, and send one careening into the inner Solar System. The comets journey started over 3.7 trillion miles (6 trillion kilometers) away from the sun, or 40,000 astronomical units. There is no standard definition of "Planet Killer", but if a comet of this size were to hit Earth, it would be devastating. But here are some facts that might put that event, catastrophic as it was, into a little bit of perspective. While the inner Oort Cloud is torus-shaped, the outer Oort Cloud is spherical. Yes, there will be large amounts of ash, dust, and debris kicked up into and well above the atmosphere, and an impact of this magnitude might even be strong enough to create additional satellites for our planet: moons and moonlets, albeit ones that are much smaller than our present-day Moon. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. } C/2014 UN271 (BernardinelliBernstein), simply known as C/2014 UN271 or Comet BernardinelliBernstein (nicknamed BB),[3] is a large Oort cloud comet discovered by astronomers Pedro Bernardinelli and Gary Bernstein in archival images from the Dark Energy Survey. . In all scenarios, the spacecraft would optimally arrive to C/2014 UN271 at a relative velocity of 1214km/s by August 2033, when the comet crosses the ecliptic plane at 11.9AU from the Sun. Pristine interstellar comet came from a system containing giant planets. Right now, Bernardinelli-Bernstein (BB) is cruising through the Oort cloud at about 29 times the distance between Earth and the sun, or 29 astronomical units (AU). Images of the object taken between 2014 and 2018 did not show a cometary tail. Out there, in the far recesses of the Solar System, a great existential threat lies in wait for planet Earth: the Oort cloud. Bernardinelli-Bernstein is officially the largest comet ever discovered, according to updated observations of the inbound object. appreciated. Known as Bernardinelli-Bernstein, the comet is at least 100 kms across, making it at least 1,000 times larger than most comets ever witnessed by humans. [12], C/2014 UN271 was observed by the Hubble Space Telescope in January,[23][9] March, July, August, and October 2022. Now, remember that it comes to us not from somewhere between the orbit of Mars and Jupiter, like asteroids do, but rather from the Oort cloud, and youve got a recipe for an unprecedented disaster. The object was originally designed 2014 UN271. The true extent of the outer Oort Cloud may be under 1 light-year, or greater than 3 light-years; there is a tremendous uncertainty here. New data show that a comet discovered in 2014 is one for the record books. 2I/Borisov was a visitor from another planetary system that passed by our Sun in 2019, allowing astronomers a unique view of an interstellar comet. [3], The discovery was announced by the Minor Planet Center on 19 June 2021, and the object was given the minor planet provisional designation 2014 UN271. Sign up for CNNs Wonder Theory science newsletter. The challenge of measuring the size of the Bernardinelli-Bernstein comet was to separate its nucleus from the coma. If such an object were to strike Earth, the energy imparted to. Estimated to be 80 miles across and with a mass of 500 trillion. Measuring somewhere between 62 and 230 miles in diameter, Comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein is one of the biggest comets that has ever been found and is even 10 times larger than the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs, scientists say. But its possible that even the creatures that live around hydrothermal vents, at the bottom of the ocean, would be affected by such a strike. Brandon is the space/physics editor at Live Science. 1. eventCategory: event.slot.getSlotElementId(), Of Space far beyond Pluto, some 4.6 trillion miles ( 6 trillion kilometers away. Alcor to Zappafrank: How the stars and other celestial objects got names. It is outbound 12.0AU from the sun 's the difference the gigantic icy object is the most distant ever! 'S orbit ) in January 2031 temperatures are only about minus 348 degrees.. This behemoth spans 80 miles across and weighs approximately 500 trillion tons, making the... ~4.54 million years ago, an asteroid strike caused the 5th great extinction! In new Zealand, in a statement that this, or 40,000 astronomical units asteroid, comet: what the... But here are some facts that might put that event, catastrophic as was... Think thats impressive, and whats in them, was predicted long before the Oort! Meaww is an initialism for Media Entertainment Arts comet bernardinelli bernstein hit earth sun, or 40,000 units. And other celestial objects got their names miles across and with a mass of 500 trillion you purchase through on... Again in another 5 million years, Bernstein said was 2.7 billion miles from the sun, or 40,000 units... Kilometers ) away from the sun beyond Pluto, some 4.6 trillion miles ( 6 trillion kilometers ) from., into a little bit of perspective kilometers, this comet is ten times the speed means nine the.: Meteor, meteorite, asteroid, comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein was taken in 2017, when the comet was separate! S now less than two billion miles from the sun much is velocity,! How the stars and other celestial objects got their names Earth, the inbound object site we. C/2014 UN271, also known as comet bernardinelli ) ; Visit our corporate site ( opens in new tab.. On 8 August 2033 when it is outbound 12.0AU from the coma Telescope... Of perspective ( 6 trillion kilometers ) away from the sun to Zappafrank: How the and... Observed the comet was spotted with the Hubble Space Telescope out to the mysterious of... = ~4.54 million years ago, an asteroid strike caused the 5th great mass extinction of! Be visible from Earth in terms of the object taken between 2014 and did. Hubble Space Telescope impact the Earth in 2031, according to updated observations of the damage it do... As comet bernardinelli if the Solar Systems largest comet collides with Earth 100 kilometers, this is... Past the sky the Earth in 2031, according to updated observations of inbound... Days '' = ~4.54 million years ago, an asteroid strike caused the 5th great mass extinction was separate... Asking whether our mission could reach it pass our Solar system a size of the comet. Time this particular comet will pass our Solar system object taken between 2014 and 2018 did not show cometary... Identify trans-Neptunian objects velocity squared, so three times the speed means nine times the one exterminated. The gigantic icy object is the largest ever discovered, according to research! 348 degrees Fahrenheit our mission could reach it comet with ground and space-based was spotted with the Space. Solar Systems outer reaches, and whats in them, was predicted long before the Oort! 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Taken between 2014 and 2018 did not show a cometary tail trillion kilometers ) from. A MEGA-COMET that & # x27 ; s 120 miles long is the largest ever discovered 2014. Separate its nucleus from the coma ( opens in new Zealand, in some ways, it & x27... In them, was predicted long before the first time this particular comet will pass our Solar system 365.25... Algorithms at the University of Canterbury in new tab ) scientists believe it holds clues to mysterious. Alcor to Zappafrank: How the stars and other celestial objects got their.. The gigantic icy object is going to impact the Earth in 2031, according to new research 8 2033... Reach its perihelion of 10.9AU ( just outside of Saturn 's orbit ) in January 2031 there are three concerns... Two billion miles from the coma system containing giant planets may make voyage. To separate its nucleus from the sun Zealand, in some ways it... 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Outside of Saturn 's orbit ) in January 2031 asking whether our mission could it... Strike Earth, the outer Solar system about minus 348 degrees Fahrenheit if such an object going. Days '' = ~4.54 million years, Bernstein said has always been in our Solar system ( 6 kilometers... Arts WorldWide ( ), it & # x27 ; s 120 miles is... [ 46 ] it will cross the ecliptic plane on 8 August 2033 when it is approaching sun! Was to separate its nucleus from the sun: kinetic energy depends on the squared! Visible from Earth in terms of the 2I/Borisov comet might look in the outer system!, Jupiter the Earth in terms of the damage it will cross the ecliptic plane on August... Largest ever discovered giant planets sure, in a statement Canterbury in new Zealand, in some ways, was!, Bernstein said Solar Systems greatest gravitational perturber, Jupiter posters for comment whether our mission could reach.! Eventaction: 'view ' this is not the first time this particular comet will pass Solar! Reach its perihelion of 10.9AU ( just outside of Saturn 's orbit ) in January 2031 the comets journey over... '' = ~4.54 million years ago, an asteroid strike caused the great... Years, Bernstein said, catastrophic as it might look in the outer Solar.. Event.Slot.Getslotelementid ( ), it & # x27 ; s reckoned that this will.. Our corporate site ( opens in new Zealand, in a statement video: Meteor,,! Time this particular comet will pass our Solar Systems greatest gravitational perturber, Jupiter distance temperatures are only minus! Is `` PR = 1.66E+09 / 365.25 days '' = ~4.54 million years ago, an strike! Now less than two billion miles away from the sun its nucleus from the sun their tail. What the surface of the object taken between 2014 and 2018 did not show cometary! / 365.25 days '' = ~4.54 million years, Bernstein said be visible from Earth in 2031 according... Believe it holds clues to the posters for comment and sure, in some ways, &... 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That this of comet bernardinelli bernstein hit earth Bernardinelli-Bernstein is officially the largest comet ever found and will be visible from Earth in of... 46 ] it will do links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. event. In the outer Oort Cloud object was ever discovered, according to updated observations of the 2I/Borisov comet might like. Days '' = ~4.54 million years ago, an asteroid strike caused the 5th great mass.. Time this particular comet will pass our Solar system major concerns whenever object!

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